13 February 2019, Volume 37 Issue 3
    

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    Special to S&T Review
  • CHEN Guangren, LIU Zhiyuan, TIAN Tian, ZHU Yehua
    Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37(3): 6-26. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.03.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    Based on the event every year for selecting the annual top advances in science, technology and engineering held by Editorial Department of Science & Technology Review, top 10 scientific achievements, top 10 technological achievements and top 10 engineering achievements from China in 2018 during January 1 to December 31, are selected respectively from a lot of scientific researches published in influential academic journals and scientific newspapers. The selection procedure involved screening and recommending candidate internally, followed by appraisal from experts including editorial board members and external reviewers. These achievements are introduced as the time sequence of publishing.
  • Scientifc Comments
  • JIANG Zonglai, CHEN Weiyi, FAN Yubo
    Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37(3): 27-29. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.03.002
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    After nearly 60-year continuous development, modern biomechanics is becoming an important frontier and interdisciplinary field of biomedical engineering. This paper reviews the worldwide key achievements and development trend of biomechanics, as well as domestic mechanobiology and biomechanical modeling and analysis and their clinical applicationssince the beginning of the new century. The development of biomechanics in China is expected to continue in four fields:life science, modern medicine, great health engineering and national defense. Three suggestions to the development of biomechanics in China are put forward, including the study on the mechanobiological mechanism of diseases, the study on the design of biomechanics and health engineering, and the study on the biomechanics and mechanobiology of special environment.
  • DENG Zhidong
    Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37(3): 30-34. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.03.003
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    Since 2016, with the continuous blessing of a new wave of artificial intelligence, self-driving has become one of the most promising outlets and hotspots of global strategic investment. Enterprises have been the mainstay of the successive advancement of selfdriving technological innovation and industrial processes., The current status quo of global self-driving is full of excitement and anxiety after two years of peak of inflated expectations. The excitement is that the self-driving ecosystem has taken shape. The industry prospects for reinventing future mobility and transportation have never been so clear. In the very near future, however, the self-driving industry will be unable to safely land and commercialize on a large scale, which seems to be the heart disease of the vast majority of "burning money" self-driving enterprises around the world.
  • ZHENG Yongchun
    Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37(3): 35-39. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.03.004
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    We review the significant progress in space exploration in this article. China's Chang'E-4 lunar lander and rover successfully landed on the far side of the moon with the landing site in the von Carmen crater in the South-Pole Aitken Basin. This is the first spacecraft that landed on the far side the moon. As planned, Chang'E-5 will return lunar rocks and soil samples in 2019. Subsequently, China's Lunar Exploration Program is going to construct a lunar research station in the future. In terms of Mars exploration, the key task is to answer whether there was a suitable environment for life on Mars and its duration. China's Mars probe is already under development and will be launched in the next launch window. In terms of gravitational wave detection, China is launching the Ali original gravitational wave detection plan which is based on ground observation. Meanwhile, two plans on gravitational wave detection in space have been proposed, called the Taiji plan and Tianqin plan. They are expected to make important contributions in this field. Observation of universe by multimessengers and searching for habitable exoplanets are the frontiers in the field of astronomy and astrophysics. New breakthrough is forthcoming.
  • Think Tank
  • QU Haixu, QU Debin, ZHANG Aidong
    Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37(3): 40-45. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.03.005
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    In response to the national development and energy security strategy, major domestic oil companies have made efforts to enhance domestic oil and gas exploration and development. This paper starts with the annual plan review of the oilfield and describes the current status of productivity project benefit evaluation, project process management norms and benefit production classification standards in the process of oil and gas development. Combined with the problems of constrained efficiency development and lean production, countermeasures and suggestions are proposed from aspects of lean production, optimized operation, benefit development and business strategy to promote the high-quality and rapid development of the upstream business of oil companies and improvement of the management system.
  • Reviews
  • DUAN Haibin, SHEN Yankai, WANG Yin, LUO Delin, NIU Yifeng
    Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37(3): 82-90. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.03.013
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    As an important direction of future UAV development, UAV swarm technology and anti-UAV technology have become hot issues in 2018. The UAV industry will have sustainable development under the promotion of technological innovation and relevant policies. This article analyzes and summarizes the hot topics and the new development trend of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) from the aspects of the new roadmap of unmanned aircraft system (UAS), practical applications, swarm autonomous control and technological innovation in 2018.
  • WANG Yijun, CUI Tong
    Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37(3): 91-101. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.03.014
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    The achievements and breakthroughs in the field of urban design research and practice in 2018 mainly focus on digital urban design, urban design strategy, urban spatial form, urban design practice and education, and the exploration and discussion of problems with Chinese characteristics. In academic research, digital urban design based on human-computer interaction as a scientific design method will lead the future development direction of urban design, while urban renewal, urban double-repair, people's city and city characteristic style are taken as strategies to improve urban quality. The study of urban spatial form all over the world links human behavior with urban environment. In terms of design practice, Xiongan New District, Beijing Vice-Center, Zhengdong New District and Shibuya in Japan are exploring and practicing multi-element urban design under the guidance of new concepts. In addition, the research results and consensus in the field of urban design education are important ways to improve the level of urban design practitioners and managers. Exploring and discussing the problems of urban design with Chinese characteristics is a necessary prerequisite for the combination of international advanced experience and China's national conditions.
  • CHEN George Zheng
    Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37(3): 102-108. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.03.015
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    The new electrochemical energy storage device, supercapattery, is introduced as a hybrid of supercapacitor and rechargeable battery. Selected research publications in 2018 on supercapattery and related topics are reviewed with critical analysis and comments. It is anticipated that supercapattery can and will play an important role in both mobile and stationary applications involving energy storage.