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   Science & Technology Review
2019, Vol.37, No. 8
28 April 2019

Reviews

Foreword
Papers
Exclusive: Conservation of Built Heritage and Sustainable Urban Development
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Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37 (8): 0-0.
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Abstract ( 301 )
Foreword

Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37 (8): 1-1.
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Abstract ( 341 )
Exclusive: Conservation of Built Heritage and Sustainable Urban Development

Connotation, principle and dimension of sustainable urban design

ZANG Xinyu, WANG Qiao
Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37 (8): 6-12. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.08.001
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Abstract ( 565 )
The sustainable development is the basic consensus for the urban development and construction in all countries of the world. Based on the connotation of the sustainable development, this paper analyzes the process of the sustainable development and the accompanied dilemmas, and summarizes the basic concept and principle of the sustainable urban design by integrating the ecological and green concepts. Effective ecological urban design strategies are put forward from four dimensions:the ecological environment, the historical culture, the spatial form, and the administrative governance. Furthermore, the future development direction of the urban construction and the difficult problems of urban research are highlighted, to serve as a reference for the healthy and orderly development of cities in China.

Urban design methodology based on the element flow oriented morphology

YANG Yifan
Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37 (8): 13-19. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.08.002
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Abstract ( 345 )
The theory of the urban design mainly comes from three sources, the architecture, the planning and the landscape design. On the basis of the core principles of these sources, the author explores the development of the typical urban design theory, comes up with a significant inference of the urban design methodology of the element flow (pack, formation, set, …) oriented morphology, i.e. the element movement determines the urban form, and illustrates its principle and approach.

Review of urban planning of winter cities

LENG Hong, QU Yang, YUAN Qing
Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37 (8): 20-25. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.08.003
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Abstract ( 427 )
In view of climate issues, the urban development under cold climatic conditions faces with many challenges. As an important measure to guide the healthy and orderly development of cities, the urban planning has the important task of improving the quality of the urban living environment and ensuring the sustainable development of cities. This paper reviews related important achievements, including those in the overall urban planning, the residential planning, the public space planning and the landscape planning in winter cities at home and abroad. The prospective research trends in the aspects of the urban planning, the design and management in cold regions are suggested based on health-orientation, big data support and multi-process control.

Urban design strategies of urban water environment orientation based on perspective of ecological resilience

CHEN Tian, LI Yangli
Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37 (8): 26-39. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.08.004
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Abstract ( 621 )
The global climate change is a global concern. With the climate change, cities face with future irresistible disasters. Many cities have a large amount of water accumulation after a heavy rain, resulting in the damage of the urban system functions. Improving the ecological resilience of the urban water system is an effective method to consolidate the stability of the urban system. This paper reviews the research progress of the water management and resilience at home and abroad. From the perspective of the ecological resilience, an evaluation index system is built for the water ecology resilience and system of the urban design from the perspective of resilience. Strategies are proposed from the macro perspective (the region and its river basin), the medium perspective (the city and its river basin) and the micro perspective (blocks and their river basins). The realization approach is explored for the urban design under the perspective of the ecological resilience.

Heritage protection and sustainable development: Focusing on listed buildings in the UK, Japan and South Korea

WEI Hanbin, BIAN Lanchun
Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37 (8): 40-48. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.08.005
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Abstract ( 373 )
It is a prerequisite for the realization of the historical environmental protection and the sustainable development of cities implementing the listing buildings of the cultural heritage, as well as making effective management and protection of the urban heritage. This paper focuses on an investigation of the features of the listed buildings in the UK, Japan and South Korea. Through a literature review and a case analysis, the similarities and differences are examined for the three countries of introducing the background, registration criterion, the management mechanisms and the sustainability patterns. We propose that a comprehensive protection system should be built for the listed building protection and the sustainable development in China, including a coordinated management platform led by the government with multi-parties involved, and a sustainable development strategy system based on the cultural heritage protection and utilization.

An industrial heritage value framework from the perspective of culture and economy

XU Subin, AOKI Nobuo
Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37 (8): 49-60. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.08.006
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Abstract ( 433 )
In China, the protection of industrial heritage is an urgent issue, directly related to the urban renewal. The cognition of the value of industrial heritage directly affects the quality of renovation and reuse. Based on the cultural economics theory of David Throsby, the father of the cultural economics, this paper establishes an industrial heritage value framework from the perspective of culture and economy. Integrating the various fragmentations of the value of China's industrial heritage researches, it is suggested that the industrial heritage can have four kinds of capital values at the same time. That is, the physical capital value, the human capital value, the natural capital value, and the cultural capital value. The values of the connotation (the " intrinsic value ") and the extension (the "creative value") are integrated as a whole value of industrial heritage. The intrinsic value is the original value of the heritage itself. The creative value is a newly created value after the transformation and the reuse.

Historical depth + sustainable flexibility: Conservation planning of Ming city in Xi'an from the “historical stationary object” to the “symbiotic heritage”

LI Hao, LIU Jiayu
Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37 (8): 61-67. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.08.007
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Abstract ( 330 )
The history of the Xi'an conservation planning of historic cities is reviewed in this paper, focusing on the realistic dilemma of the "destruction for conservation" and "destruction for construction", as well as problems of the conservation of the Chinese historical cities generally in concept, principle and mechanism. Based on the interpretation of the development and the evolution of the idea of the protection of the "cultural heritage", the survey of the heritage resources of the background and the characteristics in Ming city, this paper puts forward the conservation concept and the implementation strategy from the "historical stationary objects" to the "symbiotic heritage" in terms of "historical depth" and "sustainable flexibility".

Protection and renewal of Yide Road historical block in Guangzhou within the framework of historic urban landscape research method

WANG He, WU Chulin, ZHANG Wei
Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37 (8): 68-76. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.08.008
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Abstract ( 375 )
The historic block witnesses the historical development of a city. It is the carrier of the city's historical story and contains profound historical and cultural connotations. In recent years, in the rapid development of the urbanization construction, the renewal and the transformation of historic blocks in cities are a neglected issue, with the gradual disappearance of historic block bearing precious cultural resources. Fortunately, people are now gradually aware of the importance of historical blocks, and have taken a variety of ways to update the development of historical blocks, so that they can meet the development needs of modern life, in order to avoid its withdrawal from the stage of history. This paper studies the historical block of Yide Road in Guangzhou within the framework of the historic urban landscape method (HUL), and provides a positive path of protection and renewal of the historical block of Yide Road through a series of steps, so as to ensure the harmonious coexistence of the contemporary interventions and the heritage in the historical environment of Yide Road.

Modular design method and applications with aggregation strategy: With the campus of Chinese Academy of Sciences as an example

CUI Tong, WANG Yijun
Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37 (8): 77-87. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.08.009
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Abstract ( 288 )
In recent years, the functions of universities have gradually changed from the "basic education" to "research-oriented training", and the Chinese Academy of Sciences has vigorously advocated the combination of the "Production-Learning-Research" and the "Integration of Research and Education". Starting from the idea "aggregation" in nature, this paper analyses the goal of the "aggregation", and puts forward the architectural design method with the strategy of "aggregation" based on the "modularization" of imitating nature and the traditional Chinese craft production. The design method emphasizes the importance of the structural order in planning and design as the generating framework. The construction of the modular units is the starting point of the design organization, and the modular units form diversified combinations of isomorphic and heterogeneous forms on the basis of the structural order. Finally, different scale levels are formed. This paper takes the campuses of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences in three cities as an example to analyze and demonstrate the advantages of the "modularized aggregation" method in creating a "scientific community". The three cases also show the diachronic inheritance, continuation and evolution of the design method.

Dynamic game of key subjects in green building development: Based on the perspective of supply side structure reform

WANG Bo, WEN Hua, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Jingqin
Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37 (8): 88-96. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.08.010
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Abstract ( 307 )
The green development is a major strategy for adhering to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and is a timely move to lead the new norm of the economy and to continue reform the supply-side structure. China's green building market is in a period of steady growth, but there are still problems such as the unreasonable supply, demand structure and the uneven coordination of interests among all parties. Based on the perspective of the supply-side structure reform, this paper analyzes the positive external economic characteristics of both the "supply side" and the "demand side" of the green building development process, and constructs a dynamic game model between the government and the key subjects at both ends of the supply and demand, and proposes a government-based, real estate suggestions for developers and consumers. It is shown that there are positive external economic effects and market failure symbiosis in the initial stage of the green building development, and both the supply and the demand cannot meet the balance requirement of the Pareto efficiency. Only through the market's own resource allocation function to adjust the green building market structure and the limitations of the interests of various entities, the government's moderate intervention is conducive to the realization of the optimal interests and the balance of interests at both ends of the supply and demand, and help to accelerate the transformation and the upgrading of the traditional building market.
Papers

DNS communication protocol with consideration of networking privacy

ZHANG Haikuo, LU Zhonghua, CHEN Wenyu, CHEN Liandong, ZUO Peng, WANG Jue, XU Yanzhi
Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37 (8): 97-103. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.08.011
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Abstract ( 477 )
The domain name system (DNS) is an essential service of the Internet to provide the mapping service for domain names and IP addresses, as one of the most important addressing services of the Internet. It is an open and interconnected platform and an important portal for the Internet access. The domain name privacy protection is one of the hot issues in the DNS security in recent years. The DNS data encryption algorithm (DNSDEA) is proposed to encrypt the DNS queries and responses between the client and the DNS server over the user datagram protocol (UDP) to protect the user privacy. This algorithm solves the problem of the domain name privacy protection, and is compatible with the traditional DNS system. It maintains the simple and efficient technical characteristics of the DNS system. Compared with the current encryption methods, this approach could increase the granularity of the DNS lookup parallel algorithm, reduce the latency and improve the concurrent DNS queries. Finally, from the technical level, some reference suggestions are made for the research of the subsequent communication encryption applications and for the DNS secure resolution performance.
Reviews

Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry and enzymology development

WU Min, YE Qing
Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37 (8): 104-112. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.08.012
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Abstract ( 457 )
The Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry is the only professional award in the field of enzymology, and the winners so far include 76 scientists. In the past 70 years, the organizational distribution of the winners has the characteristics of agglomeration in the early stage. The proportion of women winning this award has increased significantly since 2000. In addition, nine Nobel laureates had won the Pfizer Enzyme Chemistry Prize before they won the Nobel Prize. For five of them, the Pfizer Enzyme Chemistry Prize was the first academic award in their research career.

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