13 May 2019, Volume 37 Issue 9

    

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Exclusive: The 100th anniversary of the May 4th Movement
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  One hundred pictures for the hundred years of science and technology in China

  FU Xue, XU Lijiao

  Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37(9): 11-37. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.09.002

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  2019 is the 100th anniversary of the May 4th Movement. Altogether 100 science and technology-related photographs from 1919 to 2018 are selected in this paper to show the development of science and technology in China and reflect the Chinese scientist and technician working status and spiritual outlook over the past 100 years. Standing at the new stage of history and on the new journey of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we should continue to carry forward the spirit of the May 4th Movement and work hard to create brilliance.
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  A review of the hundred years history and contributions of the Chinese sci-tech societies

  LIU Chunping

  Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37(9): 38-44. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.09.003

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  The modern Chinese sci-tech societies have been developing for a hundred years and becoming a magnificent mosaic of the world sci-tech societies development since the rise of societies in China in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, especially the May 4th Movement. At the time of celebrating the 100 years anniversary of the May 4th Movement, it is crucial to implement a systematical review on the development of sci-tech societies, and analyze the role of sci-tech societies for enlightening scientific culture, improving science and technology development and promoting economy construction. Such a research could be not only of theoretical significance but also of practical value to explore the development road in the new era for Chinese sci-tech societies.
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  Deepen the reform of China's science and technology system with the guidance of scientific spirit: Commemorating the 100th anniversary of the May Fourth Movement

  WANG Cong, LI Xiang, WANG Hongwei

  Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37(9): 45-52. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.09.004

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  The May Fourth Movement brought "Mr. Sai" to China. The influence of science on national construction and development has increased over the past century. To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the May Fourth Movement, this paper reviews the century-old inheritance of the scientific spirit in China since the May 4th Movement in a perspective of the connotation of the scientific spirit, and discusses the step-by-step process of the Chinese people's understanding of science from the salvation of the country to the country's productive force and important cultural element. This paper also clarifies the position of the scientific spirit in the science and technology system reform, and analyzes the process of gradual deepening of China's science and technology system reform and currently existing problems in terms of the scientific spirit standard. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the existing problems and the outlooks of the science and technology system reform.
Science and Technology Humanities
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  Scientific spirit of China's Top Science and Technology Award

  BAI Kun

  Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37(9): 57-61. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.09.007

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  With the improvement on national science and technology management, selection and recognition of the highest science and technology awards is constantly being optimized. This paper collects the data of the 31 highest science and technology award winners and analyzes their main contributions and ages. It is found that there are 24 people over 80 years old, accounting for 77.42% of the total winners; the winners are backed by strong research teams; the winners generally have the courage to guess and are good at verification; the winners generally have excellent persistent pursuit and enterprising spirit. It is an important and urgent task to develop and spread the pioneering and innovative quality, teamwork spirit, critical questioning and scientific research persistence to which the highest science and technology award winners stick, so as to encourage more scientific researchers to overcome difficulties and achieve major breakthroughs in science and technology.
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  The triple helix of patriotism, struggle and dedication: The code for the achievement of the winners group of national highest science and technology awards

  HUANG Tao, YI Jiangge

  Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37(9): 62-65. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.09.008

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  Using the method of collective biography of scientists, this paper analyzes the non-intellectual factors of the 31 winners of the national highest science and technology award. It is believed that the triple helix structure of patriotism, struggle and dedication is the spiritual code for performing meritorious deeds, that is, taking the national needs as the starting point, unremitting struggle as the fulcrum and selfless dedication as the starting point.
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  Young science and technology talents are the key to innovation drive and core technology breakthroughs

  ZHAI Limiao, FANG Hong

  Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37(9): 66-71. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.09.009

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  At present, Innovation drive and core technology breakthroughs are still the strategic difficulties that China faces. After analyzing the connotation structure and breakthrough path of core technology, it is concluded that the key to breaking through core technology lies in core talents. Young scientists and technologists should become leaders and fresh forces in tackling core technologies and shoulder the historic mission of scientific and technological innovation.
Think Tank
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  Performance evaluation systems of national medical institutes in UK and US

  ZHANG Xingyi, YANG Yang, LI Xi, LI Jing, JIANG Lixin

  Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37(9): 75-86. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.09.011

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  National medical institutes refer to the medical scientific research institutions which are established and funded by the state, embody the state's will, and implement scientific research activities in an organized way, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the USA and the British Medical Council (MRC) in the UK. Since 2013, China has built 32 national clinical research centers (NCRC's) for 11 diseases to strengthen its ability of medical innovation, accelerate the transformation of health and health science and technology, and improve the level of medical service at the grass-roots level. Scientific performance evaluation is an utmost important way to guide and promote the construction and development of national medical research institutions. This paper summarizes the performance evaluation systems of the NIH and MRC and focuses on the evaluation contents and the index frameworks of both evaluation systems. Through comparison this paper is expected to provide an essential reference for the decision-maker to promote the performance management of national clinical research centers in China.
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  The history and status quo of science and technology education policy in Pakistan

  Amna Munawar, REN Dingcheng, CAO Zhihong

  Science & Technology Review. 2019, 37(9): 87-93. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.09.012

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  Pakistan government has issued nine educational policy documents, covering various aspects of the science and technology education. From 1947 to 1971, due to the domestic and international political and economic problems for a new country, the science and technology education policy could not be fully implemented. From 1972-1998, the development of the country improved but still due to political complex situations in Pakistan and abroad, the education policy was not implemented continuously and stably, and the progress of science and technology education was quite slow. Since 1998, the political environment improved and government emphasized on the education and growth of science and technology, so science and technology education gained attention in right direction and progressed rapidly. At present, Pakistan's science and technology education is still in the road to achieve exclusive and practical education. The shortage of proper investment and the lack of dedicated institutions are two major factors that hinder the execution of science and technology education plans and policies.