28 March 2020, Volume 38 Issue 6
    

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    Think Tank
  • On epidemic prevention and control: The decision-making problems, the philosophy and the standards
    HUANG Qinghua, SONG Xiaoting
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(6): 6-10. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.06.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    Through the observation and the reflection on the situation related to the prevention and the control of the new crown virus infection in Wuhan, this paper suggests that some important problems should be considered in the decision-making of the epidemic disease prevention and control, and the philosophy behind the prevention and the control of the infectious diseases in five aspects, including the infectivity, the epidemiology, the cost-effective, the compassion and the rule of law. It is proposed to establish two sets of standards for the early prevention and control and in the stage of the epidemic out of control, accordingly, in order to assist the scientific decision-making and the rational measures to effectively reduce the damage to life and property and economic and social losses caused by the epidemic situation.
    • Exclusive: S&T for the Olympic Winter Game and Latest Advances of Sports Medicine
  • Winter Olympic Games and sports injuries in major events: A review of literature
    WANG Jianing, AO Yingfang
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(6): 11-24. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.06.002
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    The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games comes to the final stage of preparation. This paper reviews the incidence and distribution characteristics of sports injuries from studies of Winter Olympic Games. In view of their high incidence of injuries and high level of attention in China, the skiing, the speed skating, the figure skating, and the ice hockey are discussed in detail with regard to the history of development and the event characteristics, the incidence and the mechanism of injuries. Special focus is given to the winter sports induced head injuries, which received insufficient attention in the past.
  • Biomechanics dwring walking for patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
    SHI Huijuan, DING Li, REN Shuang, LIANG Zixuan, HU Xiaoqing, HUANG Hongshi, AO Yingfang
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(6): 25-33. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.06.003
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    The movement pattern and the corresponding biomechanical mechanisms of patients after the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are essential factors for improving the postoperative effects and preventing secondary injuries. The three-dimensional kinematic, kinetic data, and the surface electromyography activity data are collected bilaterally (for surgical, intact limbs) during patients' level walking 6 to 12 months after the ACL reconstruction (7.4±1.3 months). The three-dimensional angles and moments of the knee joint are calculated. The activation levels of the bilateral rectus femoris, the vastus medialis, the vastus lateralis, the biceps femoris, and the semitendinosus are also evaluated. It is shown that for the surgical limb, the peak knee flexion angle and the knee flexion-extension range of motion are significantly smaller, during the loading response, while the peak external rotation angle is significantly larger, compared with the intact limb. The surgical limb has smaller peak knee extension moment during the loading response phase, smaller peak knee flexion moment, and external rotation moment during the terminal stance phase compared with the intact limb. The peak activation level of the rectus femoris during the loading response phase, and the peak activation levels of the biceps femoris and the semitendinosus during the pre-swing phase are significantly higher in the surgical limb as compared with the intact limb. Patients have a stiffer gait pattern with a significant smaller peak knee flexion angle during the early stance and swing phases in the surgical limb 6 to 12 months after the ACL reconstruction. Patients also have a higher activation level of the quadriceps and the hamstring in the surgical limb compared with the intact limb. The surgical limb also has a greater knee external rotation during the loading response phase and a smaller external rotation moment during the terminal stance phase compared with the intact limb. The rehabilitation protocol after the ACL reconstruction should focus on the abnormal changes in the muscle function and the gait characteristics for better postoperative outcomes.
  • The factors correlated with the knee scoring for patients with ACL rupture
    WANG Jianing, WANG Gefei, GONG Xi
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(6): 34-40. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.06.004
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    To analyze the correlation of the preoperative serum biomarkers and the body mass index with the preoperative knee scoring and the pre/post-operative pain scores for patients with ACL rupture, the preoperative data of the serum bio-markers and the body mass index are collected from 52 patients, to make the correlation analysis for the preoperative knee scoring and the pre/post-operative pain scores by Shapiro-Wilk and Spearman tests. Positive correlations are found between the preoperative blood uric acid level and the pre/post-operative pain scores, between the body mass index and the preoperative Lysholm score and the postoperative pain score, and between the creatine kinase level and the postoperative pain score.
  • The promoting effect of total saponins of panax notoginseng for tendon and bone healing
    LIU Xiaohua, SUN Jin, MA Jia, ZHANG Sheng, JIANG Bo, LI Yan, ZHANG Lei
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(6): 41-45. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.06.005
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    The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important structure of the knee, easily getting hurt. Currently, it is a common practice using the autologous tendon graft to reconstruct the ACL and to treat the ACL injury. However, the tendonbone interface heals slowly after the ACL reconstruction, which affects the early rehabilitation of the patients. The Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS), a blood-activating and blood-stasis drug, is often used for the treatment of fractures. Our previous experiments show that the PNS can significantly enhance the osteogenesis effect of the tendon autograft in the reconstruction of the ACL. Thus, this paper focuses on the effect of the PNS on the osteogenic differentiation of the tendon derived stem cells (TDSCs). The TDSCs of passage 3 are divided into two groups, the PNS group and the negative control group. The effect of the PNS on the cell activity is detected by the flow cytometry and the CCK8. After 72 hours of the PNS treatment, the TDSCs are cultured with the osteogenic medium, and the expression of the osteogenic marker ALP is detected by the ALP staining and the Elisa. The TDSCs are subcutaneously injected into nude mice after the PNS treatment, and then the micro-CT is used to detect the ectopic osteogenesis 4 weeks later. Compared with the negative control group, it is shown that the PNS could promote the osteogenic differentiation of the TDSCs and the ectopic osteogenesis in nude mice.
  • Relationship between the anterior-medial portal position and the femoral tunnel length in trans-portal anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
    LIU Yang, WANG Jianing, YU Jiakuo
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(6): 46-52. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.06.006
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    It is important to have a sufficient femoral tunnel length for the graft fix strength and the maturation in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The high resolution MRI is used on the knees of 6 young healthy volunteers. Based on the reconstructed MRI 3D models. two main observations are made:for the I.D.E.A.L. point as the fixed femoral tunnel location, the higher the tunnel outlet point, or the larger the femoral runnel angle, the longer tunnel would be achieved; and the outlet curves with the tunnel length of 30mm, 35mm, 40mm arranged from lower to upper in an ascending order on the lateral cortex of the lateral femoral condyle, with the mean maximum femoral runnel angle of 17.2°±8.6°, 31.6°±9.1° and 41.4°±8.8°. Therefore, beside the anatomy characteristics such as the sizes of the femur and the intercondylar notch, the length of the femoral tunnel in the trans-portal reconstruction is related with the anterior-medial portal position. For a fixed tunnel location, to get a longer tunnel length, the relative position of the skin portal to the tunnel location should be even lower, and using the accessory for the anterior-medial portal or increasing knee flexing angle, a longer femoral tunnel would be obtained.
  • Ski related injuries: An observation from field of play
    WANG Jianing, GONG Xi
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(6): 53-57. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.06.007
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    Ski is an exciting and competitive sport. In view of the final preparation stage of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, this paper reviews the ski related injuries from the angle of the field-of-play (FOP) medical officer in the 2019 FIS World Cup, expecting to shed lights on the injury prevention and the athlete safeguard in the following competitive winter events.
  • Rehabilitation case report of a top-level athlete after ankle surgery
    MIAO Xin, GAO Xin, YANG Jie, GUO Qinwei, HUANG Hongshi, AO Yingfang
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(6): 58-66. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.06.008
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    This paper analyzes the ankle surgery and the rehabilitation program of a top-level badminton athlete. Multi-party consultation was held and an expert support team was set up for the treatment of this athlete's ankle joint injury. The therapist and the surgeon cooperated as a team for the comprehensive treatment plan from multiple angles. The treatment includes the modalities, the analgesia treatment, the use of joint protective devices, the joint mobility treatment, the muscle strength training, the weight-bearing training, the physical training and other treatment. Under a close supervision, the function of the athlete improved gradually. 4 weeks after the surgery, the athlete could bear the full body weight and had a normal gait. 8 weeks after the surgery he returned to training and 14 weeks after the surgery he returned to the competition successfully. In the first match he entered the final. Post-operation rehabilitation programs were practical, effective, and reached the guarantee goals.
  • Early and med-term outcome analysis of arthroscopic debridement for patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis
    FEI Kai, PAN Haitao
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(6): 67-71. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.06.009
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    The efficacy of the knee arthroscopic debridement for patients with degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee is still a controversial issue. In order to clarify the indications of the knee arthroscopic debridement, the effect of the arthroscopic debridement on the degree of the knee osteoarthritis is studied. A retrospective analysis is made for patients with knee osteoarthritis, after the arthroscopic debridement in the department of orthopedics of Beijing Tiantan Hospital from September 2011 to September 2016. According to the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) classification, the knee osteoarthritis patients are divided into four groups from degrees I to IV and are followed up after the surgery. It is found that the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale in the four groups are significantly improved post-operatively after 6 months and 1 year. After 3 years post-operatively, for patients of degrees I and II, the scores are also significantly improved. However, no significant difference is observed for patients of degree III and the scores are even decreased for patients of degree IV after 3 year post-operatively. Our study indicates that the arthroscopic knee arthroplasty has a good effect in the early and middle postoperative period for patients of knee osteoarthritis of K-L degrees I and II. For patients of severe osteoarthritis of K-L degrees III and IV, the clinical symptoms can be partially alleviated in the early stage, but the mid-term efficacy is not satisfactory.
  • Advances in studies of meniscus posterior root tear
    LIU Hao, YI Hong
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(6): 72-77. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.06.010
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    The meniscus root tears are a specific type of the meniscal injury, and recently, received more and more attention of researchers. The meniscal root tears either are defined as an avulsion of the insertion of the meniscus attachment or the complete radial tears,located within 1 cm of the meniscus insertion. Biomechanical studies show that the meniscal root injuries interrupt the continuity of the circumferential fibers, and hence lead to failure of the normal meniscal function of converting the axial loads into the transverse hoop stresses. The meniscal root tears can be classified into 5 groups based on the tear morphology. The treatments of the meniscal root tears include the nonoperative therapy, the partial meniscectomy, and the meniscal root repair. The repair techniques have better clinic outcomes and become a research focus recently, including the transtibial pullout technique, the suture anchor repair and the anatomic reinforced medial meniscal root reconstruction with gracilis autograft. As a new technique for treatment of the osteoarthritis of Knee varus, the meniscus posterior root tear repair is combined with a high tibial osteotomy. In this review, we focus on the advances of the anatomy, the biomechanics, the classification system, and the treatment methods for the treatment of posterior meniscal root tears.
  • Clinical outcomes of arthroscopic repair of acetabular labrum with suture anchor: A retrospective study
    SHI Huisheng, ZHANG Lei, LIU Xiaohua
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(6): 78-82. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.06.011
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    This paper is a retrospective study of the clinical outcomes of the arthroscopic acetabular labral repair with suture anchor. The clinical data of patients of the arthroscopic repair with wire anchors due to the acetabular labrum tears from January 2012 to January 2017 are retrospectively analyzed. Before and after the surgery, the patients are evaluated for the physical signs, the pain, the hip function and the degree of cartilage degeneration, with a total of 42 sets of complete clinical data, of an average age of 29 years and an average follow-up time of 31 months. The VAS and Harris scores are improved from the preoperative 4.5±0.92 to 1.6±1.2 and from 56.95±10.6 to 95.95±5.4, respectively. And the Harris score is greater than 90 points in 39 cases, with an excellent rate of 92.8%. The difference between the preoperative and postoperative VAS and Harris scores is statistically significant(P<0.001). However, there is no significant difference between the postoperative and preoperative cartilage degeneration (P=0.083). It is shown that the acetabular labrum arthroscopic repair with suture anchor is effective and has a critical therapeutic value for the acetabular labrum injury.
    • Papers
  • Application of empirical data assimilation method in trend analysis of COVID-19
    YUAN Hongyong, LIANG Manchun, HUANG Quanyi, SU Guofeng, CHEN Tao, CHEN Jianguo, SUN Zhanhui, YANG Sihang, DENG Lizheng, LI Ke, QIN Zesheng, YU Miaomiao, CHENG Ming, LI Kaiyuan, LIU Gang, XIAO Xinxin, LI Wenzhang
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(6): 83-89. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.06.012
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    The method of "empirical data assimilation for the SARS epidemic trend model" is used to assimilate the model parameters based on the new crown epidemic data released by the Health Committee of each city, and our research team's recent work is presented, including the multiple epidemic trend analysis and the decision-making suggestions for the whole country (except Hubei), Hubei Province (except Wuhan) and Wuhan city from February 3 to February 28, 2020. Three prediction curves are shown as the guideline of the epidemic prevention and control to predict the development of the epidemic. The epidemic peak line of the model can be used as a standard line to evaluate whether the current epidemic prevention measures are appropriate and be used for the early warning of the epidemic trend in various cities, to guide the proper taking of the epidemic prevention measures, to provide the decision support for the scheduling of medical resources and emergency supplies for life, and to play a role in stabilizing the public mood.
  • Dynamic model of COVID-19 transmission and assessment of control interventions based on causal analysis
    YOU Guangrong, YOU Hanlin, ZHAO Dezhi, LIAN Zhenyu
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(6): 90-96. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.06.013
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    A modified SEIR model of single-population infectious disease (SEIRD) is proposed to investigate the transmission trend of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Chinese Mainland, whose outbreak originated in Wuhan, Hubei Province. The SEIRD model preforms well in fitting training data and can be used to predict the future transmission trend. The counterfactual inference is applied to assess the control interventions based on SEIRD model. Using the quantitative analysis results, the effect on COVID-19 transmission can be assessed systematically under the adjustable control interventions, such as delaying the Wuhan Lockdown. Finally, the conclusions are summarized:the assessment approach combining modeling & simulation and causal inference is applicable in the bidirectional deduction study of decision-making and implementation in major public health emergencies (MPHE), which contributes to improve the social governance capabilities handling with MPHE of the governments in each level.
  • Impact of epidemic prevention and control on digital government construction and policy recommendations
    WANG Weiling, WU Zhigang, WANG Fang
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(6): 97-102. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.06.014
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    Throughout the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic prevention and control, information technology has become a new weapon against the epidemic. All walks of life actively use information technology to contain the epidemic and carry out online restoration and rehabilitation. The government is no exception. Government websites and new government media have become important windows for online handling of epidemic situation release. On the other hand, epidemic prevention and control has also brought new impetus for data sharing and opening. This paper at first expounds the important role that digital government plays in scientific decision-making, economic regulation, public service, market supervision, social governance and other fields. Then it combs the new space brought by epidemic prevention and control for digital government construction and analyzes the challenges and development bottleneck faced by digital government construction. Finally, the paper puts forward some development suggestions to strengthen the top-level design, government data governance, and talent team construction.
  • A comparative study of COVID-19 severity in different spatiotemporal scales
    ZHOU Dan, CHEN An
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(6): 103-114. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.06.015
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    Fighting the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia is an urgent task in China and a major concern in the world. As the core of public health events, the answer to the "severity of the epidemic" is the first question to be faced by all walks of life. Based on the data, this paper discusses the impact range and spread trend of the epidemic. In view of the severity of the epidemic, the difference of contact rate, infection rate, diagnosis rate, cure rate and fatality rate in different stages and regions was measured by comparative analysis. Furthermore, the significance and suggestions for multi-scale assessment of the epidemic severity are put forward.
  • The important role of the Internet of Things in epidemic prevention and control
    LI Ningning, WU Hongzhen
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(6): 115-119. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.06.016
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    In early 2020, the breakout of the COVID-19 has a huge impact on the economic and social development of the whole country and the people's life. From the perspective of the application of the Internet of Things, this paper reviews the applications of the Internet of Things in scenarios such as the epidemic surveillance, the remote cure, the resumption of normal labor and education, and the livelihood services, fully affirming the important role of the Internet of Things in the epidemic prevention and control, and puts forward related proposals.
  • Analysis of the characteristics of risk communication of COVID-19 in the perspective of WeChat Contents
    CHEN An, LI Wenwen, HAN Wei
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(6): 120-129. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.06.017
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    This paper studies the characteristics and the preferences of the risk communication during the development of COVID-19 epidemic, and to provide a scientific basis for developing risk control strategies for public health emergencies. Based on the theory of the social ampification, descriptive statistics are made on the contents of 458 WeChat friends from January 20 to February 10, 2020, and the correlation analysis is made concerning the gender, the age, the attitude tendency, the epidemic concern extent and the information source. The policy recommendations are made based on the analysis results to rationally guide the spread of risk communication of COVID-19.
    • Scientifc Comments
  • The foundations of supergravity
    LV Hong
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(6): 134-140. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.06.019
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    From the quantum principles, two very different types of fundamental particles are predicted, the fermions and the bosons, which however can be united and become interchangeable under the supersymmetry. The supersymmetry relates first time the internal symmetry of the particles to the symmetries of their spacetime. Consequently, any theory for the local supersymmetry necessarily includes the forces introduced by Einstein's General Relativity and hence we call the forces the supergravity. With the supergravity, the gravitino of spin 3/2 is predicted. In fact it is the simplest theory that can consistently couple a spin-3/2 fermion to the gravity. As the low-energy effective action of strings, the supergravity is an integral part of the string research.
    • Frontier of Science and Technology
  • A review of hot topics in image-based virtual lighting
    WU Hongyu, JIN Xin
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(6): 141-152. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.06.020
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    The image-based virtual relighting (IBVR) is to directly modify the lighting effect of an object in the image or to estimate the lighting condition of the image. Unlike the traditional image processing technology, the images are processed in the domain of lighting, retaining the visual characteristics of an object. This paper reviews the important research advances of the IBVR in 2018, as well as its trend of development.

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