28 August 2020, Volume 38 Issue 16
    

Academician Forum
Exclusive: Silk-road risk reduction and sustainable development
Review
Papers
Science and Technology Humanities

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    Academician Forum
  • The development of world-class societies and building world-class societies in China
    LÜ Kewei, WANG Guoqiang, HAN Jinfang
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(16): 6-14. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.16.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    This paper selects a typical world-class society to analyze its development trends and characteristics in terms of academic exchange, social governance, scientific popularization, international cooperation, membership service, operational mechanism and development environment. Compared with the world-class societies, the domestic societies have a lot to learn in multiple levels. At present, China's societies do have a certain system and talent advantage to be built into first-class societies, as consistent with the opportunity period of the rapid development of science and technology. It is recommended that the Association for Science and Technology continues to optimize the development environment of the societies; benchmarks the world-class society and enhances the academic development; broadly carries out international exchanges, makes contacts with high-level scientists and engineers around the world; enhances the independent operation ability of the societies, and promotes professional managements of the societies.
  • The legislation for unmanned aircraft operation and suggestions for improvement
    LIU Fei, LÜ Renli
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(16): 15-28. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.16.002
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    The widespread applications of civil drones have brought about severe challenges for the national public and flight safety supervision. More and more countries begin to formulate civil drone operation management laws and regulations. It is a difficult task adapting laws and regulations to the technological development, the market demand, and the social cognition in various countries. This paper first, reviews the civil drone operation and management frameworks of major international organizations and countries. Based on this, the similarities and the differences of laws and regulations in various countries are compared. Finally, through an analysis of the main factors affecting the formulation of laws and regulations, some suggestions are put forward for the formulation of civil drone operation management laws and regulations.
    • Exclusive: Silk-road risk reduction and sustainable development
  • Strategy of the international cooperation with respect to disaster prevention and reduction in the Belt and Road areas
    GE Yonggang, CUI Peng, CHEN Xiaoqing
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(16): 29-34. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.16.003
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    Challenging effects of the disaster prevention and mitigation on the Belt and Road Initiative are analyzed in this paper, including the information sharing and the cooperation mechanisms for disaster reduction, disaster formation mechanism and research and development of disaster control technology, and disaster risk assessment. The reduction of the major disaster risk becomes an imperative requirement in the Belt and Road regions. Many improvements have been made, for instance, in scientific research and capacity of disaster prevention and mitigation, in cooperation in disaster reduction among Belt and Road countries, in comprehensive risk prevention awareness and ability, and in professional talent cultivation. An international collaboration platform of inclusive, sharing, efficient and scientific disaster prevention and mitigation need to be established. Some countermeasures are put forward with respect to the international cooperation in the disaster control, such as improving the disaster prevention and mitigation capacity, the establishment mechanism and pattern, and creating scientific and technological innovation platform. These suggestions and advices concern the intellectual support in the disaster prevention and mitigation in the Belt and Road areas.
  • Disaster risk management pattern along the Belt and Road regions
    CUI Peng, WU Shengnan, LEI Yu, ZHANG Zhengtao, ZOU Qiang
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(16): 35-44. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.16.004
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    The UN Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction says that the disaster risk reduction is imperative for all mankind. The consensus and the efforts with respects to the disaster risk reduction at the international level are expected in regional and local levels; and it is necessary to explore the disaster risk pattern and its regional and local features. This paper analyzes a coordinative regional disaster risk management model in the physical and social contexts of the Belt and Road regions. This model coordinates stakeholders and tasked the stakeholder at multiple levels with different responsibilities, from a national framework to a regional and local government action plan. In addition, different phases of a disaster event are covered by the risk management pattern to enhance the resilience to disaster risks of all stakeholders in the regions for the regional sustainable development.
  • Temporal and spatial distributions of geo-hazards along the Belt and Road and policy recommendations for disaster prevention
    YANG Dongdong, QIU Haijun, HU Sheng, ZOU Qiang, ZHU Yaru
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(16): 45-52. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.16.005
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    The Belt and Road Initiative covers an area across the Asia, the Europe and the Africa, characterized by complex geological structures and extremely undulating terrains. As a result, different kinds of geo-hazards, such as the landslide, the collapse and the debris flow, seriously hamper the socioeconomic development and the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative. It is the scientific basis for understanding the regional distribution pattern and the disaster mechanism of geo-hazards to identify the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of geo-hazards in the historical period in the Belt and Road regions. In this paper, based on the statistics of geo-hazards during 1922-2015 along the Belt and Road regions, the spatiotemporal characteristic and the influence factors are discussed. The statistical results show that (1) the geo-hazards along the Belt and Road regions show an irregular fluctuation trend, and the scale and the influence degree of geo-hazards are gradually increased; (2) India is the country with the highest frequency of geo-hazards. Furthermore, the frequencies of geo-hazards in the Southeast Asia, for example, Myanmar, Philippines, India, Malaysia, Vietnam, South Asia, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and in the East Asia, for example, China, Japan, are significantly greater than in other countries; (3) in the studied period, one sees a frequency of 82.3 events and an average of 75 injurers and 292 deaths every year; (4) the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and the Bangladesh-China-India-Burma Economic Corridor are the regions of a higher frequency of geo-hazards. The reasonable results of the risk assessment of geo-hazards conducted on the key regions along the Belt and Road can help better distribute the limited relief resource. The technologies of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Terrestrial Laser Scanning in the field investigation help to acquire high-precision data and provide the basic information for subsequent researches.
  • The research and development of spatial hazard reduction in the Belt and Road initiative
    YU Bo, CHEN Fang, YANG Aqiang
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(16): 53-57. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.16.006
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    The Belt and Road Initiative is proposed to promote mutual development and enhance cooperation to achieve the result of ‘all win’. However, due to the complicated geographical environment and various climatic conditions of all the countries along the Belt and Road regions, frequent natural hazards are threatening human lives and property. Therefore, measures of hazard reduction for the countries along the Belt and Road regions will not only help strengthen the Silk Road's scientific and technological innovation cooperation, but also strengthen mutual trust in national diplomatic strategies and ensure the safety for people's lives and property. This paper discusses the hazard reduction of the Belt and Road countries in the support of the ground observation technology, and the technology improvement of the global spatial technology, as well as the role that the new technology plays in the hazard reduction from the perspective of landslides.
  • Seismic hazard mapping and earthquake disaster mitigation measures in the Belt and Road areas
    LI Changlong, JIANG Changsheng
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(16): 58-67. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.16.007
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    The Belt and Road area is vast, with a wide distribution of active seismogenic structures and frequent earthquakes. The seismic hazard assessment and the seismic hazard mapping in this area are of great significance in the earthquake prevention of buildings and the disaster mitigation design of engineering facilities. This paper analyzes the seismogenic source area division model, the seismicity model, the ground motion attenuation relationship model and the site adjustment method in the Belt and Road area. The probabilistic seismic hazard calculation is carried out in the area, and the seismic hazard map of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) distribution with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years is obtained, and the countermeasures for the earthquake prevention and the disaster mitigation in different seismic hazard areas are proposed. It is shown that the East and Southeast Asia, the western Pacific Ocean, the southern Central Asia, the eastern West Asia, the southern Europe and the eastern Africa are areas with a high seismic hazard in the Belt and Road regions. In the area with the PGA larger than 0.4 with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years, the general civil buildings should be equipped with the capacity to resist a seismic intensity of 9 degrees.
  • Spatial-temporal patterns of population exposed to the extreme maximum temperature events in the Belt and Road regions
    LÜ Yanran, JIANG Tong, TAO Hui, ZHAI Jianqing, WANG Yanjun
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(16): 68-79. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.16.008
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    This paper investigates the extreme maximum temperature event characterization and the population exposure in the Belt and Road regions by using the maximum temperature form ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset and the gridded population dataset in the period from 1979 to 2018. The extreme maximum temperature threshold is determined based on the 95% quartile of the daily maximum temperature. The improved Intensity-Area-Duration (IAD) method is used to determine the extreme maximum temperature event characteristics and the quantitative assessment of the population exposure to these extreme events. It is shown that, in the Belt and Road area, the frequency, the intensity and the duration of the summer extreme maximum temperature events are increased in the 1979-2018 period. The significant increase area is distributed in eastern China, western Russia and Central Eastern Europe. In summer, the extreme maximum temperature events mostly occur in Kazakhstan, Xinjiang, and central Russia, generally, in the northern part of the study area. The intensity high value area is mainly distributed in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, India and other places in the southwest region whereas the duration high value area is concentrated in India mainly. During the study period, the yearly cumulative impact area and the population exposure to extreme temperature events show an upward trend, reaching the highest value in the past 10 years. Areas with the high population exposure are mainly distributed in eastern China, Indian continent and countries around the Black Sea and the areas with high population exposure are expanding. Among the influencing factors of the population exposure, the climate factor, the population factor, the interaction of the climate and population factors have a similar contribution rate, but the contribution rate of the climatic factors has increased significantly in the past 10 years. It is suggested to strengthen the research of monitoring, warning and forecast of the extreme maximum temperature events.
  • Reviews of the national cooperation of flood disaster risk reduction in the Lancang-Mekong river basin
    WU Shengnan, LEI Yu, ZHANG Wenhai, CHENG Dongsheng
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(16): 80-87. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.16.009
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    As an important international river in Indo-china Peninsula, the Lancang-Mekong river flows past one of the most promising regions in Asia and the world. However, it is also an area with a high risk of flood disasters, which often brings about huge economic losses and human casualties in the basin countries. Due to the large differences in the water infrastructure investment and the different national awareness and experiences in the flood disaster reduction, it is necessary to enhance the regional cooperation for the flood disaster risk management among basin countries. This paper reviews the progress of the collaboration with respect to the flood disaster risk reduction in the Lancang-Mekong river basin in three phases. On this basis, some suggestions are proposed in view of the different efforts in the collaboration with respect to the flood disaster risk reduction among stakeholders, to improve the cooperation mechanism and effectively deal with the flood related issues in the LangcangMekong river basin for sustainable development.
  • The cooperation mechanism of cross-border natural disaster prevention and mitigation
    SONG Zhouying, YU Yang, LIU Hui, LIU Weidong
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(16): 88-95. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.16.010
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a platform for countries to explore new international economic governance mechanisms, which was proposed by Chinese government in 2013. But the frequent natural disasters along the BRI countries seriously affect people's livelihood security and local economic and social development and become one of the important threats for the construction of BRI. Based on a literature review of existing disaster prevention and mitigation mechanisms, this paper analyzes the cooperation mechanism of cross-border natural disaster prevention and mitigation, and puts forward some suggestions. The study finds, (1) Cross-border disaster prevention and mitigation has gradually attracted research attention, but there are still long way to go in China. On the one hand, the international research is relatively mature, with a significant upward trend since 2010, and pays more attention to the role of geographic information technology and other technical means in the cross-border disaster prevention, and the establishment of an evaluation system to evaluate cross-regional disasters in order to improve the early warning mechanism for the disaster prevention and mitigation. On the other hand, Chinese researches mainly focus on measures and countermeasures based on the evaluation of the regional cross-border disaster prevention and mitigation, and the cooperation mechanisms for the cross-border disaster prevention and reduction. (2) The current cross-border major natural disaster prevention and mitigation mechanisms mainly include four aspects, namely, the international disaster reduction cooperation mechanism under the UN, the high-level interaction and diplomatic dialogue mechanism for disaster prevention and mitigation, the inter-country docking of the disaster prevention and mitigation framework and management system, and the sharing mechanism of disaster prevention and reduction technology. (3) In the future, China and the BRI countries should further promote cooperation in strengthening political mutual trust, building a comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation platform, establishing cooperation and consultation mechanisms, and the sharing of disaster prevention and technology.
  • Knowledge services drive disaster risk reduction in the Belt and Road initiative
    WANG Juanle, ZHANG Min, YUAN Yuelei, WANG Yujie, BU Kun, YANG Fei, LIANG Xiya, HAN Xuehua
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(16): 96-104. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.16.011
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    Along the Belt and Road regions is a high incidence area of earthquakes, droughts, floods and other disasters. The disaster risk reduction is highly required, but the data and information service capabilities in the regions are relatively weak. For the need of the knowledge service of disaster risk reduction, this paper discusses the origin of the knowledge service and the main characteristics of the knowledge service system. A framework of the knowledge service for the disaster risk reduction is constructed, centered on the global disaster meta-database, the disaster risk reduction knowledge network and the portal of the knowledge service system. The disaster risk reduction knowledge service system (DRRKS) is established and the basic applications are analyzed, including the disaster metadata standard, the data product, the knowledge applications and the case sharing. The typical applications of the current disaster risk reduction knowledge service system in the area along the Belt and Road regions include the knowledge service application of the Belt and Road disaster environment data, the application of the thematic knowledge in the spatial-temporal display of the arable land drought level along the "Belt and Road" regions, the knowledge application of the spatial-temporal data service of the main historical disasters in the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor, the total factor data service knowledge application of the disaster-prevention environment land cover in Mongolia, and the knowledge application of the grassland yield in the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor of the Belt and Road. The future of the knowledge application may include six aspects: the disaster data management based on the knowledge organization, the disaster resource navigation based on the data sharing, the data-driven disaster information products, the artificial intelligence application in the disaster risk reduction, the emergency-oriented rapid disaster mapping and the application of social media data mining.
    • Review
  • Safety management and strategy for geological disposal of high level radioactive waste
    ZHOU Zhichao, WANG Ju, CHEN Liang, ZHAO Jingbo, ZHANG Ming
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(16): 105-114. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.16.012
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    The high level-radioactive waste might lead to sustainable harms to the environment for thousands of years, and the geological disposal has been considered as a preferred proposal for the high-level radioactive waste safety management based on the passive safety. The time scale of the safety assessment could be up to ten thousand years, and the long-term safety assessment is the focus for the application and approval process of the repository site. Therefore, the safety assessment system needs to be simplified for the calculation and the prediction to improve the reliability of the assessment results. This paper reviews the research progress of the geological disposal for the high-level radioactive waste, the passive safety of the geological disposal and the safe management enlightenment of the nuclear technology. Based on the uncertainty safety principle of the geological disposal, the concept of the safety supervision is introduced to provide the technical support for the safe management of the high-level radioactive waste geological disposal.
  • Principles and hot spots of international outer space laws related to space science exploration
    HAN Lin, YANG Fan, FAN Weiwei, WANG Haiming
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(16): 115-123. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.16.013
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    As a new part of the international law system, the international space law involves a body of laws governing the space-related activities, including a variety of international agreements, treaties, conventions, etc.. In recent years, the international space exploration activities have witnessed a new upsurge. However, the development of the international space law system is lagging behind, and the contradictions between them become increasingly prominent. This paper reviews the international space law system and the main legal principles related to the space science exploration, and analyzes the international law principles, the representative domestic laws and regulations and the implementation cases of the most representative international hot legal issues of the space science exploration in the various areas, such as the space debris mitigation, the space resource exploration and utilization, the planetary protection, the orbit/spectrum allocation, the nuclear power source in outer space and small satellites, to provide a reference for China's space scientific exploration activities.
    • Papers
  • The father's involvement in ADHD systemic executive skill training： A qualitative research
    GAO Huimin, LI Fei, GAO Bingling, ZHENG Kegui, DU Xuesong, CAO Qingjiu, QIAN Ying
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(16): 124-133. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.16.014
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    To preliminarily explore the current status and the influencing factors for the father's involvement in the ADHD systematic execution skill training, 9 families are selected in the program of the ADHD systemic execution skills training. The ADHD-IV scale is adopted to assess the change of the symptoms, and the Parental Rearing Style Scale is adopted to evaluate the rearing style changes, and the qualitative interviews are used to identify the father's involvement. The father's involvement attitude includes learning parenting methods, improving symptoms that affect academics, resolving family education differences, improving parent-child relationship, expecting training to relieve ADHD symptoms, and improving children's emotions. The father's involvement actions include past help-seeking (getting disease relative information, accompanying consultation), and current participating behavior (attendance to the training, with the median participation rate of 90.7%). Influencing factors of the father's involvement include: individual level (father's mental status, the knowledge of disease, the responsibility), family level (mother's requirement), society level(institutional professionalism, practioners' professionalism, suggestions from school and other relevant institutions). This study explores the father's involvement in the ADHD systematic executive skill training, provides a guidance on how to improve the father's participation in the ADHD treatment in the future, and provides some empirical evidences to promote the father's participation in the treatment of children with chronic disorders.
  • The competitiveness evaluation system for the world class manufacturing clusters
    ZHU Siwen, ZHANG Fan
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(16): 134-139. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.16.015
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    A world-class competitiveness evaluation system for the manufacturing clusters is the foundation to guide the development of clusters and to evaluate the strengths and the weaknesses of clusters. To build the system, we take the system view, the dynamic view and the global view, as well as with the 6 Level-I indicators of the global basic resources capacity, the global market competitiveness, the technological innovation, the network synergy, the industrial scale, the policy support, and other 25 Level -II indicators based on the GEM model. On the other hand, the reconstruction of the world-class competitiveness evaluation system for manufacturing clusters optimizes the evaluation method of the GEM. A competitiveness evaluation is made based on the engineering machinery industrial cluster of the Chang-zhu-tan integration, and it is shown that the competitiveness of the cluster is above the national average, but with no significant advantage in the international competition.
  • Impact assessment of Tesla's automotive industry planning and layout for China's resource environment
    JIANG Dong, WANG Di, LIN Gang, FU Jingying, CHEN Shuai
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(16): 140-145. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.16.016
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    In recent years, the Chinese government is committed to develop the new energy automobile industry as one of the effective solutions to solve the environmental and energy problems caused by the traditional fuel automobile industry. However, the demand for electricity is increasing with the development of new energy vehicles, especially, pure electric vehicles. It is necessary to pay a special attention to the pressure on China's power system and carbon emissions. This paper focuses on the rapid expansion of the charging equipment of Tesla vehicles and studies the impact on the power system and the CO2 emission in China using the spatial distribution information technology and the multi-source data. The influence is assessed to provide a decision support for the national policies. It is shown that the total electricity consumption of Tesla electric vehicles in China will reach 165.54 billion kW·h in 2025 and compared with traditional fuel vehicles, the emission reduction of pure electric vehicles is enough to make up for the increased carbon emissions.
    • Science and Technology Humanities
  • The proposal writing for Natural Science Foundation of China from the angle of format check
    WANG Liwei
    Science & Technology Review. 2020, 38(16): 146-151. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.16.017
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    This paper suggests that in the early stage of the fund application, researchers should build up academic strengths, carefully select the topic, fully understand the application requirements, and make clear of detailed applications. It is indicated that particular attentions should be paid on the project title, the application code, the key words, the abstracts both in Chinese and English, the list of major participants, and the budget tables. The main text of the application should be prepared based on the structured sections provided by the Foundation Committee, with the writing strategies to be adopted and recommended by most reviewers. By analyzing the problems observed during the management of grant applications, this paper has summarized the common pitfalls in the proposal writing.

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