WANG Lin, ZHANG Nan, LIU Yirong, QIAN Ying
The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected people's daily life globally, especially for the physical and mental health of children and adolescents, the vulnerable group. This paper reviews the studies, up to August 24, 2020, focusing on the following four aspects. Firstly, the mental stressors among children and adolescents are discussed from national and society, school and community, family and individual perspectives, such as the social isolation, the health care facility closures, the school closures, the economic deterioration, the home quarantine, the domestic violence and abuse, the increased screen time, and others. Secondly, the main types of psychological problems in teenagers during the COVID-19 are discussed. Emotional problems mainly include the anxiety, the depression, the loneliness, the sleep problems, the psychosomatic problems and the stress-related problems. Behavioral problems mainly include:the internet addiction, the sexual abuse behaviors, the parent-child conflicts, and others. Finally, children and adolescents are divided into five categories according to different risks under the background of COVID-19:the ordinary children, the children living in high exposure risk areas, the children with their caregivers being affected or being frontline workers, the quarantined children, the children with other diseases and the infected children. And intervention recommendations include the health education, the epidemic prevention, the knowledge popularization, the parent accompaniment; the hospital 24-hour on-duty nursing system, the online consultation and the online pharmacy; the remote interactive online education, the remote psychiatry, the book therapy, the music therapy, the emotion-focused therapy (EFT), the parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT), the cognitive behavioral writing therapy(CBWT), the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and the drug therapy.
