28 July 2022, Volume 40 Issue 14
    

Special to S&T Review
Exclusive: Sustainable Transportation
Papers
Science and Technology Humanities

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    Special to S&T Review
  • The policies and strategies of personalized medicine in main developed countries and the enlightenment to the development of medicines in China
    LU Cainv, GAO Liubin, PENG Bo, GAO Yuehong, MAO Yanyan
    Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(14): 6-23. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.14.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    The personalized medicine is widely studied and applied in recent years, especially in main developed countries. This paper reviews the development strategies and measures of the personalized medicine in main developed countries, including launching initiatives or bills, providing financial support, establishing research and industry alliances, building infrastructures and offering related courses or training programs. Then, from the perspective of the goals, the investments, the key areas and promotion methods of the personalized medicine extracted from the plans and the projects of major developed countries, it is shown that in the development of the personalized medicine the method of“Top Down”is mostly adopted, and the knowledge system of the medical industry has to be rebuilt, to develop large-scale crowd queues, invest hundreds of millions in R&D, accomplish multi-sector cooperation, and develop infrastructures for the data. Finally, this paper briefly analyzes the political, economic, social and scientific situations in China, and gives a few suggestions for the development of the personalized medicine in China, including the continuous investment in the infrastructure development, the medical data sharing, improving the medical supervision mechanism and developing the ethical polices, building a talent team and focusing on the collaboration, setting pilots of genetic clinics and promoting the new type of diagnosis and treatment step by step.
    • Exclusive: Sustainable Transportation
  • Sustainable urban transport development in China
    LU Huapu
    Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(14): 24-30. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.14.002
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    The sustainable development of the urban traffic system is a basic requirement and the only way to realize the goal of building a powerful country of China in transportation, which is also one of the important characteristics of this kinds of country. It means that the traffic demand of the comprehensive transportation system has to be met with the minimal resources and environmental costs. First, based on the definition and the connotation of the sustainable transportation, the development process of the sustainable transportation is divided into five stages: the embryonic stage, the initial stage, the steady development stage, the rapid development stage and the innovative development stage. Second, we reviews the sustainable transportation in the two hot fields, the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and the resilient transportation under sustainable development, and the integration of transportation and land use in TOD. Finally, the sustainable transportation development is explored, for China to become a leading power in the world in terms of transportation on a sustainable and green transportation development road.
  • Macro characteristics and optimization path of accelerating to build transportation power in China in the new development stage
    GENG Yanbin, LIU Changjian, SUN Xiangjun
    Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(14): 31-40. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.14.003
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    China's economic and social development has entered a new stage of development, and the transportation has changed from the high-speed development to the high-quality development. From the perspective of the development orientation, the functions, the main contradicting problems, the development priorities, the supply capacity, the service level, the technical conditions, the institutional system and other related issues, the productivity level of the transportation industry has made a systematic breakthrough and stepped into a phased leap from a large transportation country to a powerful transportation country. In the new era, the sustainable development of the transportation presents new macro characteristics, which are reflected in the following aspects: strong supply and demand fundamentals of the transportation with comparative advantage of scaling the highland of scientific and technological innovation; a wide scale distribution, the structural complexity and the hierarchical diversity of the demand for passenger and freight transportation; a high demand for resources, funds and other elements; and an increased uncertainty of transportation pattern changes under the new development pattern. Under the basic national conditions, the structural problems of transportation will exist for a long time. To promote the sustainable development of transportation at a new starting point, we must adhere to the system concept, accelerate the construction of a comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network, comprehensively improve the network efficiency and service quality, promote the green, circular and lowcarbon transformation of transportation, innovate and develop intelligent transportation and digital transportation, promote the open development of transportation in an all-round way, and build a transportation that is satisfactory to the people with the mission of promoting common prosperity.
  • Key technologies of high-performance all-climate electric bus
    LIN Cheng, TIAN Yu, YU Xiao, XU Yao, JIANG Xiongwei, SUN Fengchun
    Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(14): 41-50. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.14.004
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    The new energy vehicles represented by the electric vehicles are included in China's strategic emerging industries. After 20 years of development, China's electric buses are now in the leading position in the world. However, the existing powertrain platform of the electric bus cannot meet the high-performance application requirements for the maximum speed and the best grade ability of the traditional fuel-powered buses, as well as the all-climate application requirements for startup in severe cold environments and without a sharp reduction in the cruising range in low temperature environments. For the highperformance all-climate electric bus platform developed by the technical team led by Beijing Institute of Technology, this paper analyzes the key technologies of the all-climate electric bus, including the all-climate battery system, the dual-motor coaxial propulsion transmission system, and the vehicle multi-heat source collaborative thermal management system, as well as allclimate electric bus experiments and applications in the Beijing Winter Olympics. It is shown that the developed highperformance all-climate electric bus is suitable for the application scenarios of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and meets its stringent requirements in terms of adaptability to severe cold environments and dynamic performance under climbing and highspeed conditions.
  • Development status and trend of intelligent navigation technology
    ZHANG Baochen, GENG Xiongfei, LI Yabin, WEN Jie, YU Qiaochan, FENG Hui
    Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(14): 51-56. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.14.005
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    The intelligent navigation is a major revolution in the shipping industry. In order to trace the development of the intelligent navigation technology, this paper analyzes the major technological progresses and the typical practice cases in the field of the intelligent navigation of ships in Europe, Japan, South Korea, Russia and other countries and regions in recent years, and the relevant legislations and rules of IMO, IHO and IALA for the intelligent navigation of ships, along with the processes and cases of China's ship intelligent navigation in the fields of technology research, equipment development, and real ship application, and makes comparisons, focusing on the differences in domestic and foreign technological development paths, and the main characteristics of China's ship intelligent navigation development. Finally, this paper makes predictions of the future development trend of the intelligent navigation technology.
  • The major regional strategies supported by transportion
    CUI Yuan, KONG Zhe, SUN Xiangjun, CHEN Jing, ZENG Xuefu, LIU Chen, WANG Zhongqi
    Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(14): 57-64. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.14.006
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    The transportation is a leading field for implementing the major regional strategies, and provides the key support for that purpose. The transportation can promote the rational flow of various factors and focus on the advantageous regions, and improve the overall efficiency of the economy. This paper reviews the change of the regional economy and the society supported by the development of the transportation infrastructure, the transportation services, the low-carbon green community, the opening to the outside world, and the governance in the background of major regional strategies. And the main problems are analyzed. On the basis of combining the features of the major regional strategies in China, to implement the requirement of the general secretary Xi Jinping for the transportation development in major regional strategies, the main ideas of the transportation supporting the major regional strategies are put forward.
  • Sustainable development policy for freight transport in China with double carbon taget
    MAO Baohua, ZHOU Qi, LI Ninghai, ZHOU Jin, WU Jinyan
    Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(14): 65-72. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.14.007
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    As an important infrastructure to support the operation and the development of the national economy, the transport industry is facing a series of challenges for the high-quality development. This paper first analyzes the current situations of the transport systems under the construction of a transport power of China and the double carbon strategy, and the structures of the freight transport turnover and emissions from the viewpoint of the integrated transportation. Based on the historical development of the economy, the industrial restructuring, the transformation of the transport organization modes and the new technical progress, the paper then predicts the freight transport demand in 2030. The results show the freight transport turnover of China mainland in 2030 is about 20500 billion t-km, excluding the ocean transport. The task of the carbon reduction of the freight transport is advanced, with the experience of developed countries. Finally, five suggestions are put forward, concerning the control of the freight transport demand scale, the reconstruction of the freight transport structure, the transport scheme optimization, the energy systems adjustment and the application of new technologies, to promote the high-quality and sustainable development of the freight transport in China.
  • The route of systematically improving the toughness of China's international logistics supply chain
    LIU Changjian, SUN Hanbing, YUAN Ziwen, ZHANG Xiaoqing, BI Shanshan, SHEN Yihua, XU Li, TIAN Jia
    Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(14): 73-79. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.14.008
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    In order to enhance China's long-term competitiveness in the global supply chain, reduce the risk of the international logistics supply chain, and ensure the transportation safety of China's foreign trade goods, such as energy, minerals, and grain, this paper explores the main route to improve the "hard connection" of China's International logistics supply chain system from the three dimensions of the channel, the hub and the hub economy, as well as the main measures to promote the "soft connection" of China's international logistics supply chain system from the three dimensions of the service， the platform and the mechanism， puts forward the main ideas to promote the transformation and the upgrading of the logistics supply chain from the aspects of green and wisdom, and finally puts forward suggestions to build the risk early warning mechanism of China's international logistics supply chain for key strategic goods.
    • Papers
  • An age assessment model for maturity of city brain development maturity
    LIU Feng, LIU Ying
    Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(14): 80-91. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.14.009
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    This paper suggests that the city brain is the product of the evolution of the Internet from a mesh to a brain-like architecture since the 21st century and it is combined with the construction of smart cities. Through a comparison with the developmental process of the biological brains, an age assessment model of the maturity of the city brain development is established。 With the evaluation model, the various age groups are first identified through the unified planning scope of the urban brain. The District and the County correspond to 0-5 years old (children level), the City corresponds to 6-11 years old (children level), and the Province corresponds to 12-17 years old (juvenile level） , the Country corresponds to 18-23 year old (youth level), and the world corresponds to 24-29 years old (adult level).Then with the evaluation model, the construction quality is evaluated from six aspects: the problem solving, the digital neuron, the cloud reflex arc, the cost performance, the safety, and the integrity. After the evaluation value is converted into an age increment, it is added to the minimum value of the age group to form the developmental age of the city brain.
  • Risk of hypoxia of short-term residents in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
    LIU Jinhao, XIN Zhongbao, HUANG Yanzhang, LIN Feng
    Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(14): 92-100. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.14.010
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an attraction for ecological and cultural tourists. However, the risk of hypoxia threatens serious harm to human health. It is of great significance to study the hypoxia risk in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from the perspective of the physical geography for the local development and the hypoxia policy-making. In this study, the relationship between the altitude and the blood oxygen saturation is studied and the spatial distribution map of the hypoxia in the Tibetan Plateau is obtained. It is shown that, (1) the absolute oxygen content decreases linearly with the increase of the altitude（y=- 0.0325x+280.45, n=70, r2=0.94）; (2) there is an exponential relationship between the blood oxygen saturation and the altitude（y= 104-0.68×e0.35x+1.77, n=70, r2=0.57）and with the increase of the altitude, the risk of the hypoxia increases exponentially; (3) the Tibetan Plateau is divided into the high risk area, the medium risk area and the low risk area of hypoxia according to the relationship between the blood oxygen saturation and the altitude. The study could provide a scientific basis for the regional tourism development strategy and also a theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of the altitude anoxia.
    • Science and Technology Humanities
  • Chern Shiing-Shen and the spread of modern mathematics in China ——Commemorating the 110th anniversary of Chern Shiing-Shen's birth
    PENG Jia, XUE Youcai
    Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(14): 101-105. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.14.011
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    This paper reviews the process how Shiing-Shen Chern spread modern mathematics in China. It is found that in the period of the Republic of China, he actively held mathematics discussion classes in Southwest Associated University, supervised graduate students of mathematics, and presided over the Central Institute of Mathematics. After the reform and opening up, he organized a series of "Double Micro" conferences, organized summer graduate workshops, carried out the "Chern Shiing-Shen Study Ahead Program", offered modern differential geometry courses at Peking University and founded the Nankai Research Institute of Mathematics, which demonstrated Chern Shiing-Shen's leading role and contribution in building China into a country strong in mathematics.
  • The historical role of foreign engineers in steel industry in the late Qing dynasty
    SHI Bin
    Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(14): 106-112. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.14.012
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    Foreign engineers played an important role in the development of steel industry in China in the late Qing Dynasty. This paper reviews the participation process of foreign engineers in the engineering construction, the technical guidance and the industrial production of China's iron and steel industry, focusing on the problems such as the way of introduction, the idea of employment and the level of appointment of foreign engineers, as well as the historical role of foreign engineers in the development of China's iron and steel industry. Through the analysis of historical data, this paper suggests that sending engineers was an important means of foreign countries to covet China's coal and steel resources and expand their interests. The multiple identities of foreign engineers in the late Qing Dynasty reflected the complexity of the relationship between China and foreign countries during the Westernization Movement.

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