28 October 2022, Volume 40 Issue 20

    

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Foreword
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  Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(20): 1-1.

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Special to S&T Review
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  The path evolution and development orientation of China's food security strategy

  CHEN Xi, ZHONG Yu

  Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(20): 5-12. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.20.001

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  Since the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, the introduction of a new food security strategy has provided an important basis for ensuring national food security. And new ideas, thoughts and policies have been introduced and supplemented, continuing to enrich and broaden the connotations and boundaries of the road to food security with Chinese characteristics. This paper reviews the important achievements and significance of China's food security under the guidance of the food security strategy in the new era and sorts out the evolutionary path and the shift which characterizes the current food security strategy. China's food security strategy has undergone five major changes:from taking care of the overall food varieties to preserving the key varieties, from promoting output to strengthening production capacity, from pressing the production areas to making a concerted effort, from emphasizing quantity to improving quality, and from the production side to the whole chain. In terms of policy options, to promote further improvements in food security, we should start with the in-depth implementation of the strategy of storing grain in the land and storing grain in technology, improving the institutional mechanism of two positive aspects of farmers' grain cultivation and local food control, establishing a synergistic mechanism of food security and green development under the goal of double carbon, building a double cycle system based on domestic production and integration of international resources and establishing a comprehensive food security system led by the Big Food Vision.
Suggestions
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  Review and outlook of major science and technology policies since the 18th CPC National Congress

  YUAN Zhibin

  Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(20): 13-19. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.20.002

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  This paper combs the relevant science, technology and innovation policies issued by the Party Central Committee, the State Council, the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee, and divides the types of science and technology policies into 3 types:top-level design of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, science and technology legislation, and other important policies, and each type is briefly introduced and analyzed. The study has found that since the 18th CPC National Congress, the introduction of China's science and technology policy has maintained a high degree of consistency and synchronization with the reform and development of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, which is the specific implementation of the country's innovation driven development strategy, the strategy of strengthening the country through talent, and the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education. In the future, science and technology policies in China will be based on the internal laws of scientific and technological development, strive to meet the needs of the world's cutting-edge development, put people first, keep pace with the times, and play a greater role in the process of China's realization of powerful country with socialist modernization.
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  Implementation and effectiveness of innovation-driven development strategy

  PAN Jiaofeng, WANG Guanghui

  Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(20): 20-26. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.20.003

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  Implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy is the major strategic deployment made at the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China for China to adapt to fierce international competition, transformation of development mode, and enhancement of endogenous power. This year is the 10th anniversary of strategy implementation, the article mainly reviews and analyzes, from a perspective of historical logic-theoretical logic-practical logic, the implementation and effectiveness of the strategy. Specifically, 1) taking a broad view of the world, based on reality and facing the future, we elaborate the significance and connotation of the strategy; 2) from the historical logic, we review and sort out the evolution process of strategy proposal, development and improvement, and summarize the development positioning and strategic requirements of each stage; 3) from the theoretical logic, we analyze and summarize the implementation subject, implementation task, implementation path and implementation environment of the strategy; 4) from the practical logic, we review and summarize the remarkable achievements of the strategy implementation in terms of promoting the improvement of China's innovation capability, the emergence of innovation achievements, innovation-driven economic and social development, and the layout of domestic and foreign innovation networks.
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  From strategic ideology to innovative practice: Retrospect and prospect of China's innovation-driven development strategy

  WU Jinxi, WANG Zhiyu

  Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(20): 27-32. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.20.004

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  The 10 years since the 18th National Congress of CPC have been the decade in which China successfully implemented the innovation-driven development strategy and promoted China's S&T innovation cause to achieve a historic leap. This paper briefly reviews the history and achievements of China's S&T since the 18th National Congress of CPC from the aspects of S&T ideology, reform practice and innovation effect. This paper concludes that since the 18th National Congress of CPC, China has undergone systematic changes in S&T ideas, innovation-driven development strategies, and S&T system reforms, which have promoted China's investment in S&T resources, basic research, technological innovation, industrial competitiveness, and innovation vitality. Great progress has been made in all aspects and China has initially entered the ranks of the world's innovative countries. Finally, the goal of promoting China to become the world science and technology center as soon as possible is prospected, and five policy suggestions are put forward.
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  Expand international science and technology exchanges and cooperation, promoting high-standard opening up: Review and outlook of international science and technology cooperation since the 18th CPC National Congress

  REN Xiaoping, YANG Yun, LI Ziyu, SONG Yuqi, LI Junjie, MENG Fanchao

  Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(20): 33-41. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.20.005

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  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, President Xi Jinping has delivered a series of keynote speeches on international science and technology cooperation (ISTC). Based on the relevant important remarks, this paper studies the dialectical relationship of indigenous innovation and open innovation, analyzes the historicity and realistic need of ISTC, as well as its supporting role in building China into a world power in science and technology. This paper also studies the ISTC policy and reform measures, presents the main tasks, illustrates the development process, main progress and achievements of China's ISTC since the 18th CPC National Congress, and finally puts forward ideas for strengthening China's ISTC during the 14th Five-Year Plan.
Exclusive: Deep geothermal reservoir stimulation technology
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  Research progress on heat extraction technology for developing medium-deep geothermal energy

  SONG Xianzhi, LI Gensheng, WANG Gaosheng, SHI Yu, YANG Ruiyue

  Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(20): 42-51. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.20.006

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  The medium-deep geothermal energy in China is abundant, with a great potential for development and utilization. To accelerate the exploitation of the medium-deep geothermal energy is important for promoting the rapid development of China's clean heating industry, with a diversified energy supply system and with the goals of the"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" in the future. In the context of the efficient exploitation of the medium and deep geothermal energy, this paper reviews the researches of the heat extraction technology for exploiting the medium-deep geothermal energy, including various heat extraction technologies based on the doublet-well circulation, the closed-loop circulation in a single well, the circulation in a gravity heat pipe, the open-loop circulation in a single well, the circulation in a U-shaped well and the circulation in a multilateral radial well. The characteristics, the application conditions and the future researches of key heat extraction technologies are analyzed, as well as the development stage and the application scenarios of different heat extraction technologies. The suggestions for efficient exploitation of the medium-deep geothermal energy are proposed.
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  Application of geothermal reservoir modification technologies and prospective

  YUAN Ruoxi, MA Feng, ZHANG Wei, ZHU Xi, LU Chuan, ZHANG Hanxiong, YU Mingxiao, LI Chutong

  Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(20): 52-64. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.20.007

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  The reservoir modification technology is an effective means to improve the development capacity of deep thermal reservoirs. It increases the heat transfer capacity between the rock and the fluid by increasing the permeability of the thermal reservoir, maximizing the exploitation of the thermal energy in the rock. This paper reviews the development history and the production enhancement principle of the acidification technology in reservoir modification technologies, compares the relevant cases and researches of the acidification production enhancement carried out in the canonical geothermal fields abroad, as well as the commonly used acidic chemical stimulants and the production enhancement effects. By analyzing the experience and the lessons learned from the reservoir modification abroad, some guidance is provided for the modification of deep carbonate thermal reservoirs t in China.
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  Progress and prospective of geothermal exploitation and utilization in oil fields of China

  RAO Song, GAO Teng, XIAO Hongping, HUANG Shunde, HU Shengbiao

  Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(20): 65-75. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.20.008

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  Geothermal energy and petroleum are two kinds of resources coexisting in sedimentary basins. The exploitation and the utilization of the geothermal energy are highly integrated into the oil and gas related technologies. Oil fields in China contain rich geothermal resources, with a large number of abandoned drilling wells, and a huge geothermal utilization market space. This paper reviews the geothermal resource exploration, evaluation, development and utilization technologies in oil fields of China, including the geothermal geophysical exploration technology, the geothermal geological evaluation technology, the geothermal development technology and the geothermal utilization methods. However, the geothermal development and utilization in oil fields still poses some challenges, for example, the resource condition constraints the decision making, the insufficient technological innovation, and the imperfect incentive policies. Finally, some emerging technologies are proposed to accelerate the geothermal development and utilization in oil fields, such as the deep well direct heat transfer technology, the multi-branch radial horizontal well heat capture technology, the thermoelectric power generation technology and the nano technology.
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  Medium-high temperature geothermal resources in China: Exploration directions and optimizing prospecting targets

  JIANG Guangzheng, WANG Yaqi, HU Jie, ZHANG Chao, WANG Yibo, ZUO Yinhui, TANG Xianchun, MA Feng, HU Shengbiao

  Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(20): 76-82. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.20.009

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  The clear exploration direction and optimization prospecting targets can guide the exploration and improve the success rate of exploration wells for medium-high temperature geothermal resources. Based on the latest geothermal database, combined with the regional tectonic thermal background, this paper systematically analyzes the heat source, the channel, the reservoir, and the cap rock and fluid characteristics of the geothermal system. Four major exploration directions and 16 optimal target areas for the exploration of the geothermal resources of medium-high-temperature in China are delineated. Specifically, the inner zone of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (the Yadong-Gulu rift zone, the Guna rift zone, the Shenzha rift zone, and the eastern and western syntaxis of the Himalayan), the outer zone of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (the Gonghe Guide basin, the Songpan region in western Sichuan), the eastern area (the Songliao Basin, the Yitong Fault Zone, the Changbai Mountain Volcanic Area, the Bohai Bay Basin and its surrounding areas, the southeast coast area, and the Leizhou Peninsula-the northern Hainan Island) and the central rift valley area (the Erlian Basin, the Fenwei Graben, and the Shanxi Graben).
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  Research progress of electromagnetic monitoring and evaluation of hot dry rock hydraulic fracturing reservoir

  HUANG Ruochen, SHU Biao, LI Diquan

  Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(20): 83-92. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.20.010

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  The development of the hot dry rock is one of the important ways to achieve the goal of "double carbon". In the context of monitoring the hot dry rock reservoir with the electromagnetic method and establishing a scientific and efficient hot dry rock reservoir evaluation system, this paper reviews the basic researches of the rock physical properties related to the electromagnetic hydraulic fracturing monitoring and evaluation, focusing on three aspects, namely, the electrical resistivity characteristics of the rock in the process of fracturing under pressure, the electrical resistivity characteristics of the fractured rock, and the relationship between the rock electrical resistivity and permeability. The application cases of the electromagnetic monitoring in the field of the hot dry rock hydraulic fracturing are introduced. Based on the basic researches of the rock electrical properties, it is concluded that:the pressure fracturing will be accompanied by significant electrical resistivity changes of the rock, and the characteristics of the electrical resistivity changes are closely related to the water saturation in the rock; the number, the width and the roughness of the fractures will affect the electrical resistivity of the rocks, and the influence trend is related to whether the fractures contain the water; the relationship between the electrical resistivity and permeability of specific rocks can be established by modifying the Archie's law and the Kozeny-Carman model. Finally, the tasks faced by the application of the electromagnetic method to the monitoring and the evaluation of the hot dry rock hydraulic fracturing are discussed, including:(1) the study of electrical resistivity properties of the fractured compact rocks under high temperature and high pressure; (2) the relationship model between the permeability and the electrical resistivity of the fractured compact rock under high temperature and high pressure; (3) new theories, new methods, new technologies and new equipment of electromagnetic method detection with higher accuracy, finer resolution, better anti-interference ability and longer detection distance.
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  Optimizing development parameters of geothermal energy using machine learning technique

  WANG Jiacheng, CHEN Jinfan, ZHAO Zhihong, TAN Xianfeng

  Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(20): 93-100. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.20.011

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  In order to solve the problem that the simulation-based optimization method usually requires a large number of simulations, in this paper, after comparing the prediction performance of different machine learning methods, a surrogate model based on MLP was developed to reduce the computational cost, which was then combined with genetic algorithm to develop an optimization method of development parameters for geothermal doublets in heterogeneous geothermal reservoirs. Through the case study of a doublet system, the reasonability and efficiency of the developed optimization method of development parameters were demonstrated. The results show that when given a certain position of production well, the surrogate model-based optimization method of development parameters can accurately find the optimal placement of injection well, the rate of production and injection, and the temperature of recharge water with lower computational cost.
Reviews
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  The bifunctionalization reactions with series γ-ketone nitrile of styrene derivatives

  Wang Naixing

  Science & Technology Review. 2022, 40(20): 101-110. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.20.012

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  The bifunctional reaction of styrene derivatives with alcohols, ketones, nitriles, ethers, thioethers and other solvent molecules is a radical relay reaction discovered and developed by Wang Naixing's research group since 2012. A persistent and stable radical (free radical on the carbon atom adjacent to the benzene ring) is generated during the reaction duo to the p-π conjugation effect of the benzene ring, this reaction is called thes Wang reaction since 2018. This effective reaction can realize the high value conversion of the styrene derivatives through one-step reaction, which is of great significance for the new synthesis methods of drugs and intermediates.