13 February 2023, Volume 41 Issue 3
    

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    Special to S&T Review
  • Top advances of science, technology and engineering from China in 2022
    WANG Kangyou, LIU Zhiyuan, ZHU Yehua, XU Lijiao
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(3): 6-28. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.03.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    For the event sponsored by Science & Technology Review to select Chinese annual top advances in science, technology and engineering, altogether top 10 scientific, top 10 technological and top 10 engineering achievements during January 1 to December 31 of 2022 have been selected from respective published influential academic journals and scientific newspapers. The selection procedure involved screening and recommending candidates internally, followed by appraisal of experts including editorial board members and external reviewers. This article introduces these achievements in a time sequence of publishing.
    • Scientific Comments
  • On transformation of China's geological development from a perspective of investment change
    JIANG Shanyu, WANG Feng
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(3): 29-36. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.03.002
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    By analyzing the variation of investment from 2011 to 2020, the transformation characteristics of China's geological work in the past decade and its future trend are analyzed in combination with the current situation and demand characteristics of economic and social development. It is shown that with the continuous decline of investment in the past decade the structure of geological work has been deeply adjusted, with the old driving force accelerating retreat and transformation, and the new driving force booming under the demand stimulation. The minerals exploration remained the mainstay in China, and oil/gas exploration was kept in an orderly manner. Explorations of gold, copper, iron, lead and zinc and other traditional minerals suffered the greatest impact while explorations of graphite, uranium and other emerging strategic minerals enjoyed increasing demand. Agricultural geology, urban geology, environmental geology, disaster geology survey evaluation and monitoring, geothermal resources survey and other new fields ushered in the development opportunities, leading the direction of China's geological transformation. Regional geological survey, hydrogeological survey and marine geological survey were gradually adjusted to meet basic needs. Geological science and technology and comprehensive research, geological data service and informatization were improving to support the continuous transformation of geological development.
    • Exclusive: Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • Research progress on clinical application of nux-vomica
    FAN Dongwei, LIAO Jiaojiao, FENG Yuting, TAO Liyuan
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(3): 37-43. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.03.003
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    Strychnos nuxvomica L. is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has the effect of relieving pain and reducing swelling. Modern pharmacological studies have found that strychnine, brucine, iridoid glycosides and other bioactive compounds can be extracted from Semen Strychni. To understand the clinical value of nux vomica and its active ingredients, we collected relevant research results, explored the pharmacological mechanisms of its main extract in nervous system, immune system, musculoskeletal system, inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms and anti-tumor, respetively, and then analyzed the clinical application value The results show that the active components of nux vomica can excite the central nervous system, improve the function of sensory organs, reduce inflammation effectively, ease pain, and reduce inflammation, in addition to playing a role of inhibiting a variety of tumors. Possibly, it can be developed as anti-angiogenic and anticancer drugs in the future. With the indepth study of the pharmacological mechanism of nux vomica, more confirmed evidences of pharmacology and experiment will bemastered to guide the clinical application.
  • Application and evaluation of acupuncture anesthesia and analgesia pump in post-operative analgesia of shoulder surgery
    YU Xiaoyan, LIU Yang, GU Xiaohui, XU Xu, SHEN Shuai, ZHU Wei
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(3): 44-50. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.03.004
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    Post-operative pain management for shoulder surgery is closely related to the complications and early functional rehabilitation. The purpose of this study is to compare and evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture anesthesia and subacromial self-controlled anesthesia pump in the postoperative analgesia for patients undergoing shoulder surgery. The indicators included the pain visual analog score (VAS), shoulder range of motion (ROM), Lovett muscle strength grade, etc. The results showed that the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions (7/64), recurrence rate of basic diseases (4/64), and overall adverse reaction rate (16/64) in the analgesia pump group were higher than those of the acupuncture group (0/70) (0/70) (4/70). In mild pain patients, there was no difference in VAS between the two groups but the ROM of the acupuncture group was larger. In moderate and severe patients, VAS of the analgesia pump group was lower, but no difference in ROM and shoulder muscle strength between the two groups. It suggests that acupuncture anesthesia has superior safety and is good for rehabilitation, which is especially suitable for mild pain patients as well as the moderate to severe pain patients who are complicated with related basic medical diseases.
  • Efficacy evaluation of comprehensive traditional Chinese medicine treatment on depression using the encephaloflocturograp and depression scoring system
    HANG Shuo, MA Lijing, YANG Zanqi, LIANG Juanjuan, QIAO Defeng, ZHANG Jia
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(3): 51-56. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.03.005
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    Depression (DEP) has become the second greatest threat to human health. In order to evaluate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine comprehensive therapy (Jieyu Hehuan Decoction + five element music therapy) on DEP, DEP patients were enrolled and the objective examination of encephaloflocturograph (EFG) and the DEP scoring system were adopted in this study. The indexes include the relative power of brain neurotransmitter based on EFG, Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). The results show that the relative power of γ -Aminobutyric acid decreases (P<0.001) while the relative power of dopamine (P<0.001) and norepinephrine (P<0.001) increase after the therapy, as well as the HAMD (P<0.001) and MADRS (P<0.001). It suggests that the traditional Chinese medicine comprehensive therapy has the proved efficacy on DEP, which produces the anti-DEP effect through the regulation of brain neurotransmitters.
  • Research process of Mongolian medicine for respiratory system diseases
    GAO Xiaoyu, LIU Huizhao, Narenmandula, LI Yuan, WANG Lina, LIU Xiaoling, SUN Dejun
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(3): 57-65. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.03.006
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    The paper retrospects the development history of Mongolian medicine promoted by the Silk Road in ancient times, analyzes its opportunities under the modern strategic development thought of the Belt and Road initiative. It also introduces the theoretical system of the classical three-element theory in Mongolian medicine and lists the main drugs and therapies of Mongolian medicine treating various respiratory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, lung cancer, pulmonary infectious diseases, coronovirus disease 2019, pulmonary fibrosis, etc.). Application and research progress of Mongolian medicine in the field of respiratory diseases in recent years are systematically summarized in terms of clinical application, active ingredient mining and mechanism research.
  • Advantages of Mongolian medicine Gamuzhuer on the healing process of animal bite wounds
    FU Chao, WANG Yin, LI Ran, TANG Mingzhong, JIA Wenjie, LIU Mingfa
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(3): 66-71. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.03.007
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    Animal bite wound is common in the primary medical system, which has a relatively high risk of wound complications and needs an emergency medical intervention. Mongolian medicine Gamuzhuer powder is one of the classic traditional prescriptions of Mongolian medicine for complex wound infection treatment. Through a retrospective parallel control study, the efficacy of conventional surgical antibacterial dressing on animal bite wounds was compared with that of conventional surgical antibacterial dressing combined with external Gamuzhuer. Indicators included drainage time, wound healing time, peripheral blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein (CRP), wound healing grade, and wound complications. The results showed that Gamuzhuer powder for external use can promote the wound healing process of animal bite (level III exposure), has significant anti-inflammatory effect on stage I suture wound, has significant anti-inflammatory and antiinflammatory effects on stage II suture wound, significantly shortens the wound healing time and reduces the incidence of wound complications, indicating that the efficacy of Gamuzhuer powder for external use is better than that of conventional surgical antibacterial dressing.
    • Papers
  • The temporal and spatial variation trends and influencing factors of snow cover in northern Xinjiang from 2000 to 2020
    ZHANG Yonghong, SONG Kaida, WANG Jiangeng, ZHU Linglong, TIAN Feng
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(3): 72-80. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.03.008
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    To better study the inter-annual change characteristics of snow cover in northern Xinjiang, snow cover days, annual maximum snow depth, annual snow depth, snow frequency, snow weather and meteorological elements of 20 hydrological years in northern Xinjiang were analyzed based on the snow cover data set from 2000 to 2020, and the influencing factors were also investigated. The results showed that both numbers of snow day in northern Xinjiang in recent 20 years and numbers of snowfall at more than 58% of meteorological stations decreased significantly, which was closely related to the significant increase of minimum temperature and precipitation. 72% of the sites showed a trend of increasing temperature and the precipitation in northern Xinjiang increased significantly in the past 20 years. In terms of snow phenology, continuous days of snow showed a weak downward trend and the appearance time of the first snow day was significantly delayed, with an increase of 0.17 days annually, and the delay of the last snow day was not significant. Geographic and meteorological factors were closely related to snow cover, especially changes of temperature and precipitation would lead to significant change in snow depth, and influence of altitude on snow phenology was more obvious than those of the meteorological factors.
    • Science and Technology Humanities
  • Quantum information revolution leads the future revolution of science and technology
    QIAO Xiaofei, LU Haoming, GAO Ce
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(3): 81-88. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.03.009
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    As a focus of emerging strategic technologies attracting global attention, quantum information technology has made breakthroughs in the fields of quantum computing and quantum communication. From the perspective of the history of science, quantum information revolution is significantly different from the first quantum revolution that occurred in the 20th century in terms of principle and connotation, and it also has a more direct impact on the future development strategy for science and technology. This study introduces the development history of quantum information technology, analyzes the revolutionary characteristics of quantum information technology from multiple aspects, and summarizes the influence and enlightenment of the quantum information revolution on future technology strategies and scientific models.
  • Karl Barry Sharpless: A chemist who was awarded his second Nobel Prize
    CHEN Biao, WANG Yan, ZHANG Yan, LI Tingting, ZHU Yuewei, LI Gong, WU Youjin
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(3): 89-94. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.03.010
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022 was jointly awarded to Carolyn Ruth Bertozzi, Morten Meldal and Karl Barry Sharpless for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry. Sharpless has won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the second time since 2001. This paper reviews his scientific research and achievements in the field of click chemistry, analyzes the characteristics of click chemistry, that is, simplicity and efficiency. Meanwhile, the paper points out that his research direction changing from chiral catalytic oxidation reaction to click chemistry reflects the scientific spirit of selfbreakthrough and never-ending and the interdisciplinarity of his study also reveals the way to cultivate innovative scientists.
  • Svante Pääbo: Won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022 for his study of human evolutionary genetics
    CHEN Biao, ZHU Yuewei, WANG Yan, CHEN Yu, LI Tingting, YU Feifan, WU Youjin
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(3): 95-104. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.03.011
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    The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022 was awarded to Svante Pääbo for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution. This paper reviews the long history of human origin and breakthrough development of biosequencing technology, combs the scientific research progress of Paabo's team, and clarifies the exploration road of ancient DNA and fruitful achievements. Pääbo and his team sequenced the entire genome of the extinct ancient human Neanderthal for the first time in the field of ancient DNA, and discovered the unknown ancient humans Denisovans. Pääbo's work provides a new evidence for the evolutionary genetics of humans. Pääbo's scientific research process of exploring gene flow in human evolution shows the serious spirit of science and the ideal ecology. Pääbo's scientific research achievements and ideas have realized the value of paleogenomics across disciplines and times and inspired us to further think about where humanity will go in the future.

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