13 August 2023, Volume 41 Issue 15

    

Special to S&T Review
Exclusive: Development Trends of Web 3.0
Reviews
Papers

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Special to S&T Review
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  W boson mass: New physics hidden in precision measurement？

  YU Jianghao

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(15): 6-11. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.15.001

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  W boson is the elementary bosonic particle mediating the weak force and its mass is originated from electroweak symmetry breaking. Precision measurements of W boson mass provide a self-consistence check of the standard model theory and could hint at new particles or other mysteries of physics yet to be discovered. The Fermilab CDF group published the most precise result on W boson mass and found that this new measurement disagreed with the standard model's expectation by 7 sigma on the statistical significance. This finding would possibly challenge the current understanding of the standard model of particle physics.
Exclusive: Development Trends of Web 3.0
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  Thoughts and suggestions on a variety of issues related to Web 3.0 and network technology development paradigm

  WU Jiangxing, ZOU Hong, ZHANG Fan, ZHAO Xing

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(15): 12-21. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.15.002

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  Web 3.0 is a frontier issue that deserves attention and involves a number of emerging areas such as the deep integration of human-machine and object networks, virtual-real integration and interaction, diverse business services, intelligent operation and maintenance management, and quantifiable security capabilities. It is difficult for the existing technical architecture to cope with the challenges. However, it is clear that the existing web paradigm is no longer able to support the development of Web 3.0 nor to meet the theoretical dilemma. Based on the fourth paradigm of network technology institutional development and the theory of multimodal network environment, this paper puts forward relevant proposals for building China's next-generation Internet, taking "co-ordinating the relationship between security and development" and achieving quantifiable design and verifiable metrics for network security as one of the key issues and core objectives. On this basis we propose to build an application-driven technology development path and establish an autonomous knowledge system in the field of network technology.
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  Opportunities and challenges of Web 3.0

  CHENG Shenghui, HUANG Tianyi, MENG Yiran, FAN Yuqing

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(15): 22-35. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.15.003

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  With the advances in technologies of artificial intelligence and 5G as well as the emerging concepts of blockchain and decentralized management, the next revolution of Internet, Web 3.0, has appeared. It will change the development of Internet and various professions and has thus attracted much attention from both academia and industry. This article analyzes the opportunities and challenges of Web 3.0. First, the differences among Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0 are elaborated, and the technical architecture of Web 3.0 is also studied. Second, through studying existing relevant literature, the current development status and the opportunities of Web 3.0 are summarized from both economic and technological aspects. Third, the challenges faced by Web 3.0 in research and regulation are pointed out. Finally, an outlook on the future development of Web 3.0 is given.
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  Progress of Blockchain related Technologies in the Web 3.0

  SI Xueming, PAN Heng, LIU Jianmei, ZHU Weihua, YAO Zhongyuan

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(15): 36-45. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.15.004

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  Blockchain is the key technology for Web 3.0 to build trusted interconnections and value interconnections. As a new decentralized infrastructure, the technology of blockchain is also constantly evolving. Combined with the background of Web 3.0, the technological progress and existing problems of blockchain are introduced in this paper, such as decentralized identity, smart contract, incentive mechanism, and privacy protection. They help to realize the technologies in Web 3.0, such as the data security sharing, business circulation and rights guarantee of users, so as to achieve the goal of more fair distribution and flow of the value.
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  Metaverse terminal: Key hard technology development trends in virtual (augmented) reality

  WANG Lijun, LI Zhengping, LI Ying, HOU Yaohui, WANG Jingliang, WANG Chuang, XU Zhiping, JIA Kehao, LIU Yuning, MA Weizhi

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(15): 46-60. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.15.005

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  With the development of the information technology era, metaverse has gradually become the third internet revolution, and the metaverse terminal is an important component of it. This article describes the development trends and key technologies of the hardware part of the metaverse terminal in terms of micro displays, optical systems, and perceptual interactions. In terms of the micro display technology, two technologies, silicon based OLED and MicroLED, are mainly discussed; in terms of optical systems, the main topics discussed are surface relief grating waveguide technology, volume holographic waveguide technology, and metasurface waveguide technology; in terms of perceptual interaction, the interaction technology of gesture recognition and EEG recognition is mainly discussed.
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  Brief analysis of the development path of Web 3.0 in China

  LI Liujun, LU Junqun

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(15): 61-68. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.15.006

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  Web 3.0 is the next important stage in the development of the Internet. China's 14th Five-Year Plan has proposed to accelerate digital development, cultivate and expand new industrial ecosystems such as blockchain, and take Web 3.0 as an important goal of the development of the digital economy. It is necessary to grasp the new opportunities of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation and promote rapid and healthy development of relevant strategic emerging industries in China. This article analyzes the development and application of Web 3.0, such as digital payment, NFT, blockchain games, etc. At the same time, this paper discusses the risks, regulatory policies, development paths and suggestions for developing Web 3.0 in China.
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  Web 3.0/Metaverse theoretical framework: A preliminary research

  GAN Huaming

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(15): 69-78. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.15.007

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  The terms "Web 3.0" and "Metaverse" now both refer to the third generation of the Internet. A theoretical framework for Web 3.0/Metaverse is constructed, which consists of three parts. The first part is the Web 3.0/Metaverse architecture, including the structure of the Internet at the Web 3.0/Metaverse system level and the structure of computers as the Internet end systems at the Web 3.0/Metaverse component level. The second part is the Web 3.0/Metaverse technology system, including nine Web 3.0/Metaverse technologies. The third part is the Web 3.0/Metaverse application world, which structurely integrates the virtual and real worlds into one and covers five fields, namely economy, politics, military, society, and culture, in either function or scene. A Web 3.0/Metaverse application system is a field or subsystem, or sub-subsystem, etc. of the Web 3.0/Metaverse application world. A kind of Web 3.0/Metaverse application, digital twinning, is analyzed. The first-principle of blockchain is proposed: in the Web 3.0/Metaverse application world, the core function of blockchain is to make contrust (common trust).

Reviews
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  Research progress of photobiomodulation for Alzheimer's disease

  XU Guodong, LV Zeping, WANG Daifa, GUO Rong

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(15): 79-88. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.15.008

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  Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a promising and innovative therapy for AD treatment. This article reviews the mechanisms of action of PBM for AD treatment and related animal experiments and clinical studies, then analyzes the feasibility, effectiveness, research priorities and challenges of PBM for AD treatment, and finally summarizes the future research trends of PBM for AD treatment, so as to provide a reference for follow-up research.
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  Research progress on damage behavior of high-density polyethylene(HDPE) pressure pipeline in service environment

  LI Hongwei, ZHAO Bo, ZHOU Tianyu, YUAN Yilin, YU Yuxin, ZHAO Zhijuan

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(15): 89-96. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.15.009

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  HDPE pressure pipeline has been widely used for its excellent properties in gas, water supply and other fields. However, lack of knowledge and research on damage behavior of HDPE pressure pipeline has resulted in the shortage of safety requirements for equipment engineering. This paper summarizes the research progress of the two main damage modes of HDPE, i.e., aging damage mode and stress damage mode, and expounds the damage mechanisms, evolution processes and influencing factors. It also reviews the existing research problems and looks ahead the future research direction in special equipment engineering.
Papers
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  Axial force inversion method of deepwater jacket platform based on digital twin method

  ZHANG Yanfang, CHENG Congzhi, ZHOU Lei, WANG Weiwei, YU Siyuan, WU Wenhua, LIU Lei, ZHU Dongxu

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(15): 97-105. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.15.010

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  Deepwater jacket platform has found wide application in the South China Sea. Real-time and accurate acquisition of the forcing state of concerned members of the deepwater jacket platform can assess the safety status of the platform in service. Using the digital twinning methodology, this paper presents an axial force inversion method of deepwater jacket platform and carries out field verification on the LF 15-1 platform which is the largest jacket in Asia. Firstly, a digital twinning framework is established through an on-field monitoring system. Then, based on SACS simulation database and sea state interpolation algorithm, a procedure to calculate the axial force of concerned member under monitoring is developed. Finally, feasibility of the algorithm is verified on the LF 15-1 deepwater jacket platform with the prototype of monitored sea state data. The research results can provide reference for operation and maintenance of deepwater jacket platforms.
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  Practice of cross-regional marine data cooperation: A case study of China-EU Marine Data Network Partnership(CEMDnet)

  SUN Miao, WAN Fangfang, HAN Luyao, ZHANG Tiecheng, HUANG Haiyan, LI Wenshan, REN Xingyuan

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(15): 106-112. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.15.011

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  The cross-regional marine data cooperation has presently exhibited a certain foundation, however, due to the historical background, scientific and technical level, and safety factors, there are still some gaps in achieving "an accessible ocean"——a goal of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030). By summarzing the development partnership and participation in global governance between China and the EU, this paper introduces the background of the emergence of CEMDnet and analyzes the status of cross-regional marine data cooperation. On this basis it proposes a replicable and extensible cross-regional data cooperation model and explains its effectiveness. Suggestions for future cross-regional marine data cooperation are put forward as well.
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  An entity mapping technology of national grid public data model integrating BERT and congestion filtering

  LI Yufei, HAO Baocong, LOU Yiwei, YANG Shiyu, GAO Shijie, ZHANG Pengyu

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(15): 113-123. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.15.012

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  Aiming at the problems of current SG-CIM (state grid-common information model) such as difficult to achieve automatic update iteration and low efficient mining of new elements, an SG-CIM model automatic mapping technology based on BERT model and blocking filtering is proposed. On the basis of the existing SG-CIM, an SG-CIM knowledge map and data table knowledge graph are constructed at first. Secondly, by studying the entity alignment method based on BERT model and blocking filtering, the mapping relationship between the two knowledge graphs is established. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experimental analysis of the text mapping effect. Results show that the accuracy of BERT model after finetuning on a self-made data set is more than 95%. This method lays a foundation for subsequent mining of new elements and automatic updating iteration of SG-CIM.
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  An SG-CIM model mapping technology study via knowledge graph and graph attention network

  LI Xing, REN Xiaowei, LOU Yiwei, GAO Shijie, GE Xinliang, LIAO Xiaoqi

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(15): 124-132. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.15.013

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  In order to intelligently meet the business requirements of the SG-CIM model designed by the State Grid Corporation of China and improve the quality and sharing of the graph data, this paper proposes a graph structure mapping model based on gaph attention network(GAT). First of all, using the data of SG-CIM model, an SG-CIM knowledge graph and a database table knowledge graph are constructed. The entities embedding in each graph are learned separately through the GAN, which are then embeded into a unified vector space. Finally, the graph structure mapping results of the two graphs are obtained after calculating the similarities based on the distances between the entity vectors. Experiments show that the proposed model achieves good results in automatic mapping of SG-CIM model.