28 August 2023, Volume 41 Issue 16

    

Special to S&T Review
Exclusive：Agricultural technology and innovation
Reviews
Papers

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Special to S&T Review
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  The low carbon transition approach for China's urban and rural energy supply systems

  JIANG Yi, HU Shan

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(16): 6-22. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.16.001

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  The urban and rural energy supply system refers to the supply system that provides electricity supply, heat supply and fuel supply for buildings and industrial production. Urban and rural energy supply system includes the transmission and distribution system, intermediate transition system, and consumption and regulation of end-users. Carbon neutrality targets will revolutionize this system. This paper systematically discusses the structure, characteristics and regulation of the new electricity system and heating supply systems towards China’s zero-carbon target, as well as the direction of the fuel system. This paper discusses the tasks that need to be accomplished in each period to achieve zero carbon goal in three timeframes, and gives a pathway to a zero carbon energy supply system.
Exclusive：Agricultural technology and innovation
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  Seed industry technology and equipment under the goal of agricultural power：Situation, challenge and path

  FAN Beibei, LI Jin, FENG Xian

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(16): 23-31. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.16.002

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  The core tool to realize agricultural power lies in scientific and technological innovation. Seed industry, as the "chip" of agriculture, technology and equipment innovation of crop seed industry is the primary driving force to build agricultural power. Based on the analysis of the practical demand for the innovation and development of seed industry technology and equipment to achieve the goal of agricultural power, this paper deeply summarized and analyzed the effect and trend of the development of crop seed industry technology and equipment. At present, the innovation level of science and technology and equipment of crop seed industry in our country has stepped into a new stage of following and leading. However, anchoring the goal of agricultural power, there is still a big gap between the development of science and technology and equipment of crop seed industry in our country and the realization of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-control of seed source, and the steady improvement of the ability to guarantee grain and important agricultural products. There are some weaknesses in the protection and utilization of germplasm resources, basic research of biological breeding, research and development of cutting-edge breeding core technology, research and development of advanced and applicable breeding equipment, and independent innovation of seed industry enterprises. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively promote the innovation and development of science, technology and equipment of seed industry from five dimensions, namely speeding up the construction of a new type of seed industry innovation system, promoting the open sharing, protection and utilization of germplasm resources, overcoming the key core technology of seed industry, strengthening the research and development and application innovation of seed industry equipment, and carrying out the policy experiment of seed industry innovation, so as to lay a solid foundation for the construction of an agricultural power.
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  Research on the impact of agricultural science and technology innovation on carbon emission of grain production: A case study of China's three grain functional areas

  HAN Dong, ZHONG Yu

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(16): 32-42. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.16.003

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  Based on the panel data of China's three grain functional areas from 2011 to 2020, a quantitative index system of agricultural science and technology innovation was constructed, and then the level of agricultural science and technology innovation and carbon emission level of grain production were calculated. A dynamic panel model was used to test the inhibition effect and influence path of agricultural science and technology innovation on carbon emission of grain production. The results found that from 2011 to 2020, the level of agricultural science and technology innovation in the three grain functional areas showed an increasing trend, the carbon emissions of grain production decreased, and the inter-group heterogeneity was obvious. Agricultural scientific and technological innovation had a significant inhibitory effect on the carbon emission of grain production, and this effect was more significant in the main grain marketing areas. The technology effect and the human capital effect played an important role in the process of carbon reduction in agricultural science and technology innovation. It was recommended to accelerate the pace of agricultural science and technology innovation, continue to achieve carbon reduction in grain production through agricultural science and technology innovation, pay attention to the improvement of production efficiency, resource utilization efficiency and human capital level, and formulate corresponding policies for carbon reduction according to the heterogeneity of the three grain functional areas to realize the green upgrading and transformation of grain industry.
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  Agricultural science and technology innovation in Brazil: Institutional mechanisms, characteristics and results, enlightenment and reference

  CHEN Tianjin, REN Yufeng

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(16): 43-54. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.16.004

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  Agricultural science and technology innovation is an important magic weapon for the rapid development of Brazil's agriculture and the significant improvement of its international competitiveness. This study systematically combs the institutional mechanism of agricultural science and technology innovation in Brazil by means of literature research, historical context sorting and network interview. It is found that the Brazilian agricultural science and technology innovation system and mechanism has the basic characteristics of attaching importance to the planning and overall design of the agricultural science and technology innovation system, emphasizing that the agricultural science and technology innovation should serve the needs of industrial development, and focusing on the international exchange and cooperation of agricultural science and technology innovation. At present, a large number of achievements have been made in the fields of precision agriculture, bio-economy, biological control, biological nitrogen fixation, and transgenic technology, which have promoted the transformation and development of Brazil's agriculture. In the future, referring to the experience of Brazil, China can further speed up the regional research center and agricultural research institute of the layout and construction, formulate key technology innovation plans for "stuck necks", strengthen the transformation and promotion of agricultural science and technology innovation achievements, and accelerate the formulation of global agricultural science and technology innovation strategic plans, gradually improve China's agricultural science and technology innovation system, and help achieve the development goals of agricultural and rural modernization in 2035.
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  The research progress of biomass energy utilization

  JIA Yijiu, SHI Yali

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(16): 55-75. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.16.005

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  With the increasingly serious energy crisis, the development of renewable clean energy as a substitute for fossil energy has always been the focus of scientific research. Biomass energy is the most promising alternative to fossil energy. This paper discusses the current situation and shortcomings of biomass energy utilization in five aspects: the source of biomass energy raw materials, the treatment of raw materials, biomass conversion technology, the application of biomass energy, and the development prospect of biomass energy. Although biomass energy research is booming, there are still some areas where improvements can be made: plants can be built close to the source of the feedstock to reduce feedstock costs; microalgae do not take up land and are a viable feedstock; feedstock pre-treatment needs to balance benefits and costs; for the choice of biomass conversion technology, a combination of biochemical and thermochemical conversion may be a good option; the application side of biomass energy can be biorefined to improve production efficiency, in addition, biofuel cells have great potential for development. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the optimisation of existing technologies and future research and development of biomass energy.
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  To capture the victory of realizing carbon neutrality, biomass is a dispensable support: A case of methanol

  CHENG Xu

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(16): 76-81. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.16.006

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  Since International Maritime Organization(IMO) and European Parliament issued their decarbonization targets for ocean transportation, the bio-methanol('green methanol') has suddenly attracted enormous attention, and its supply falls short of demand. Such an event proves the anxieties about the existence of so-called 'hard-to-electrify' and 'harder-to-abate industries', by the international climate change circle. Methanol has been regarded as an ideal energy carrier. This case reminds that it is not realistic to realize carbon neutrality by only depending upon wind energy or photovoltaic energy. In order to find the solution, it is crucial to play the specific role of biomass. The tendency of neglecting bioenergy and bio-based materials has to be corrected.
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  Mechanism of rhizosphere microorganisms mediating the negative feedback formation of continuous cropping barrier between medicinal plants and soil

  MENG Yuan, FU Xinyu, JU Jidong, ZHOU Bingqian, LU Heng, WANG Xiao, GUO Lanping, LIU Wei

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(16): 82-88. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.16.007

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  Plant soil negative feedback phenomena, such as continuous cropping obstacles, can lead to frequent diseases and decreased quality of medicinal plants. Rhizosphere microorganisms are important participants in the process of negative feedback between medicinal plants and soil. Therefore, elucidating the relationship between microorganisms and plants is crucial for clarifying the mechanism of negative feedback between medicinal plants and soil and solving continuous cropping obstacles. This article discusses the regulatory mechanism of the metabolism of root exudates of medicinal plants under continuous cropping conditions on the rhizosphere microbiota, as well as the formation mechanism of continuous cropping obstacles mediated by rhizosphere microbiota in the negative feedback between medicinal plants and soil. It clarifies the core regulatory role of rhizosphere microbiota in the feedback between medicinal plants and soil, as well as its correlation with the formation of continuous cropping obstacles. Taking plant soil feedback as the starting point, it further explores the plant soil microbial interaction system. It is proposed to slow down the negative feedback effect of plant soil from the aspects of improving planting mode, exploring molecular mechanism, biological pest control, etc., in order to provide theoretical support for solving the obstacles of continuous cultivation of medicinal plants.
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  Genetic diversity analysis and disease resistance identification of 41 mung bean germplasm resources

  LIU Yong, YE Pengsheng, WEI Shugu, ZENG Hualan, DAI Shundong, LAI Jia, HUANG Ling, SUN Xiaofang, SHENG Yuzhen

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(16): 89-99. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.16.008

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  Based on the data of three pilot field trials in two years, the main agronomic characters of 41 representative mung bean germplasm resources collected from 10 provinces and regions in China were evaluated, and the phenotypic genetic diversity and resistance level of these resources to mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease and powdery mildew were analyzed. The results showed that the genetic diversity of 41 mung bean germplasm resources was rich, with the genetic diversity index ranging from 0.321 to 2.039. The genetic diversity of quantitative traits was significantly higher than that of quality traits. The diversity index of 100-seeds weight was the highest, and the diversity index of pod length was the lowest. The diversity index of flower color was the highest and that of mature pod color was the lowest among the quality traits. The 41 germplasm resources were grouped into five groups by cluster analysis. The first group were mainly dwarf, erect and early-maturing resources, which could be used as excellent parent materials for breeding. The second group were mainly large-seeded materials, which could be used to improve the grain size of mung bean. The third group were mainly black seed materials, which could be used as characteristic breeding materials. The fourth and fifth groups were mainly disease-resistant materials, which could be used as parent materials for mining mung bean yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew disease-resistant genes. Among the 41 germplasm resources, 9 mediumly resistant genotypes, 4 resistant genotypes were identified to mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease, 11 mediumly resistant genotypes, 4 resistant genotypes and 1 highly resistant genotype were identified to powdery mildew. The principal component analysis (PCA) of qualitative and quantitative traits suggested that five principal component factors might contribute 71.95% of phenotypic variation.
Reviews
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  Analysis of the current situation and trend of the research on regional innovation ecosystem in China: from the perspective of literature review

  HAN Wei, LIU Hongzun，DING Rui

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(16): 100-112. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.16.009

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  Based on the theoretical and practical background of regional innovation ecosystem, this paper reviews the literature on the concept, research paradigm, evaluation and governance of regional innovation ecosystem. In summary, the research of regional innovation ecosystem in China has gotten some achievements and has achieved many breakthroughs in serving regional economic and social development. In the future, breakthroughs can be made in the following aspects: Firstly, the context of the era background should be expanded. Secondly, the research area and evaluation indicators need to be further enriched and adjusted; Thirdly, the elements of research content should be enriched.
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  Research progress and trend of cross-domain face synthesis technology

  LIU Qi, WU Haozhan, XIE Tianxin, HAN Hu

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(16): 113-123. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn. 1000-7857.2023.16.010

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  Advances in deep learning technology and the development of the digital economy have promoted the development of artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) technologies such as virtual humans. Cross-domain face synthesis is one of the key technologies in virtual human production, and it has a wide range of applications in social media, film and television production and other fields. This paper summarizes the origin of cross-domain face synthesis technology, and its typical task types and difficulties, technological development and challenges, potential applications, and issues, and discusses its future development trend and challenges from the aspects of self-supervised and weakly supervised cross-domain synthesis, utilization of pre-trained large models, and privacy protection.
Papers
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  Research on the prediction models of forest fuel moisture content based on meteorological factors

  YUAN Xiaoyu1, YANG Xiaodan1*, WANG Zhongyu2

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(16): 124-135. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.16.011

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  The prediction of forest fuel moisture content is of great significance to the forecast of forest fire risk and the protection of forest ecosystem. Based on the systematic analyses of the key meteorological factors affecting the forest fuel moisture content, the prediction models of the live and dead fuels moisture content of four different forest types, namely, Pinus yunnanensis (shady slope), Pinus yunnanensis (sunny slope), Pinus armandii and Platycladus orientalis, were established utilizing the methods of multiple regression, classification and regression tree (CART), etc. The results showed that the average relative errors of the multiple regression model in predicting the live and dead fuels moisture content in different forest types were between 5.90%~6.60% and 20.1%~36.9%, respectively. CART model was found applicable for the prediction of forest fuel moisture content based on meteorological factors. The optimal average relative errors of the prediction of live fuels moisture content (5.38%~7.00%) were significantly lower than that of dead fuels (22.88%~26.64%), which was consistent with the multiple regression model and generally had higher accuracies. Besides, the problem that the live fuel moisture content of Pinus yunnanensis (sunny slope) cannot be predicted was also solved. The research results are expected to provide some theoretical supports for the establishment and accuracy improvement of further prediction model of forest fuel moisture content and even the forecast model of forest fire risk.
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  Clinical application and efficacy evaluation of domestic 3D printing orthopedic insole in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis

  MA Bingxian, BAO Huricha, WANG Yifan, WU Haihe, WANG Yongxiang, WEI Baogang, QI Yansong, XU Yongsheng

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(16): 136-144. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.16.012

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  Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common disease of the sports system, with a high disability rate, and is an urgent public health problem in China at present. Through a prospective clinical study, this study took KOA patients as the research objects, and aimed to compare the efficacy and recovery of domestic 3D printed orthopedic insoles and drug conservative treatment for different degrees of KOA patients. Indicators included the tibial varus angle (TBVA), knee joint range of motion (ROM), subjective score of the International Knee Joint Literature Committee (IKDC), pain visual simulation score (VAS), and clinical effectiveness, Knee joint injury and osteoarthritis score (KOOS). The results showed that the TBVA, KOOS-symptoms, KOOS-activities of daily living, and KOOS-quality of life in the orthopedic group were significantly lower than those in the medication group, while the IKDC score was significantly higher than those in the medication group. For patients with moderate KOA, the ROM and clinical effective rate in the orthopedic group were significantly higher than those in the medication group. It showed that the efficacy and prognosis of domestic 3D printed orthopedic insoles in the treatment of moderate and severe KOA were better than that of drug conservative treatment, and its efficacy was better for patients with moderate KOA.
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  Spatial pattern analysis and influencing factors of urban public service supply level in China

  LI Yang, GUO Chengyu, WANG Lei

  Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(16): 145-156. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.16.013

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  The level of urban public service supply is an important factor affecting the healthy and stable development of a city, and its good spatial pattern helps to rationally allocate public resources and promote win-win development of urban cooperation. However, at present, the research on the spatial pattern and influencing factors of China's urban public service supply level is still insufficient. Therefore, this paper attempts to construct an index system to measure the level and spatial pattern of urban public service supply, and analyzes the spatial effect and influencing factors of urban public service supply level with the help of the spatial Durbin model. The research shows that: (1) From the perspective of time, the level of public service supply in Chinese cities generally shows a steady growth trend; from the perspective of spatial pattern, the level range of public service supply in most cities is at the lower and lowest levels, and there are differences. (2) The level of public service supply in Chinese cities shows obvious global and local spatial autocorrelation, and the convergence characteristics of spatial clubs are obvious. (3) The regression results of the spatial Durbin model show that the level of urban public service supply has a positive spillover effect in space; urban government governance capacity, population density, population urbanization rate, economic development level and industrial structure have a positive effect on cities in the region The level of public service supply, of which population density has the greatest impact, can increase the level of urban public service supply in the region by 11.5%. The population density and population urbanization rate have a significant negative effect on the supply level of public services in surrounding cities, which will cause the supply level of public services in surrounding cities to drop by 25.1% and 9.44%, respectively.