13 October 2023, Volume 41 Issue 19
    

Special to S&T Review
Innovation leads selfreliance and selfimprovement—creating a source of high-quality technological

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    Special to S&T Review
  • Utilization of deep space matter resources：State of the art and prospects
    WU Weiren, ZHANG Zhe, AO Xianze, JIA Xiu, ZHAO Yuan, YANG Honglun, ZU Lin, LING Lili
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 6-15. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    Deep space exploration embodies comprehensive national power and has become the commanding height of science and technology competition among the world's space powers. Deep space resource utilization is the key frontier of international deep space exploration,in which the utilization of matter resources is of great significance for humanity's space expansion. This paper introduces the connotation of deep space resource and summarizes the significance of its utilization. Focusing on matter resources, this paper investigates the state-of-the-art research on the volatile extraction and utilization, atmospheric resource utilization, mineral resource extraction and refining, and in-situ manufacturing and construction on planetary surfaces. Finally,this paper offers an outlook for the trends in utilization deep space matter resources, paving the way for the future research in deep space exploration.
    • Innovation leads selfreliance and selfimprovement—creating a source of high-quality technological
  • Study on launch vehicle spectrum programing of China
    ZHU Xiongfeng, LIU Yang, LIU Ying, TAN Yuntao,YONG Zihao, CUI Peng, WANG Tiebing, HAN Qiulong
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 16-28. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.002
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    In view of the spectrum planning of China's carrier rocket, the positioning, rocket generation and scale divi-sion of carrier rocket system are put forward, and the focus of carrier rocket type spectrum planning is the third and 3.5 generations of medium and large disposable carrier rockets, as well as the fourth generation of reusable carrier rockets. This paper analyzes the technical development demand and capability development demand of the carrier rockets, and defines the power matching, rocket configuration, launch cost, carrying capacity, payload envelope and launch capacity of the carrier rockets. According to the technical developmen-tal needs and capability needs of the launch vehicles, 7 kinds of launch vehicles of the third generation ex-pendable launch vehicle spectrum, 6 kinds of launch vehicles of the 3.5 generation expendable launch vehicle spectrum, and 2 kinds of launch vehicles of the fourth generation reusable launch vehicle spectrum are pro-posed, respectively. Meanwhile, the evolution and replacement strategy of the second, third, 3.5 and fourth generations are proposed, namely the second launch vehicle is suggested to use until around year 2030, the third launch vehicle is suggested to use until around 2035, and the 3.5 and fourth generation launch vehicles are suggested to use around 2045 when the second and third generation launch vehicles are finally replaced.
  • Foundamental research and technological innovation of triboelectric nanogenerators
    PU Xiong, WANG Jie, WANG Zhonglin
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 29-42. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.003
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has become an emerging platform technology for achieving mechano-electrical energy conversion, with huge application potentials in a variety of fields. For the past decade, through extensive efforts, significant progress on the research of TENG has been made worldwide, including both fundamental scientific research and application technology of TENGs. Therefore, this article aims to review the representative achievements of TENGs in fundamental findings and technological innovations and look forward to the faster development of TENGs.
  • Application of quantum causal order in quantum information processing
    CHEN Geng, LI Chuanfeng
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 43-47. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.004
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    Quantum information research aims to use quantum resources to achieve communication security, computing power and measurement accuracy beyond classical limits. In recent years, a new quantum resource—quantum causal order—has been proposed and proven to be able to provide unique advantages in some kinds of quantum information processes. This article reviews the existing quantum resources and the application of quantum causal order in quantum information and focuses on the super-Heisenberg limit accuracy it can provide in quantum metrology tasks. This new quantum resource may potentially provide essential promotion in various quantum information processing.
  • Mathematical and neural networks representations of quantum states
    CONG Shuang
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 48-58. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.005
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    With wide application of deep learning, applications of data self-generation and probability simulation of neural network models in quantum state reconstruction and estimation have attracted people's attention. In this paper, from various mathematical representations of quantum states, we derive different representations of quantum states in neural networks. Nonlinear mapping relationships between input/output on corresponding neural network structures are deduced from the relationship between different physical variables of quantum state. This work provides a theoretical design basis of network function relationship and data generation for using different types of neural network models to realize quantum state estimation by means of their own data self-generation and probability simulation function.
  • Opportunities and challenges for the development of magnetic confinement fusion energy
    GAO Xiang, WAN Yuanxi
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 59-65. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.006
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    With the advantages of safety, economy and environmental friendliness, magnetic confinement fusion energy is an ideal strategic energy for the future and can make a significant contribution to the realization of the "double carbon" goal. Magnetic confinement fusion uses magnetic field to confine and fuse deuterium and tritium fuels in the form of plasma, which is considered to be a promising solution to the energy problem of mankind and a long-term goal for the development of nuclear energy in China. At present, China is actively participating in the construction of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), supporting domestic physics and engineering research, and designing the Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor (CFETR), with the goal of obtaining fusion energy on the basis of absorbing and digesting ITER experience. This article addresses both opportunities and challenges for fusion energy development which is very difficult and requires long-term sustained research.
  • Review and perspective of steady high field magnet technology
    KUANG Guangli
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 66-75. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.007
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    Steady high magnetic field is a very important tool for frontier researches. Many advanced countries have developed high field magnet technologies and built high magnetic field facilities to create research conditions. The applications of high magnetic field on scientific researches have promoted the development of many disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, material science, bioscience，etc. There are three kinds of steady magnets, namely water-cooled magnets, superconducting magnets and hybrid magnets. Water-cooled magnets can create very high magnetic field rapidly, but with large power consumption. Superconducting magnets have much lower power consumption and the volume and weight of the magnets are much smaller. However, the maximum field of current superconducting magnets is not as high as that of the water-cooled magnets. Hybrid magnets use superconducting coils to replace the outer coils of a water-cooled magnet. So they can create a higher field with lower power consumption compared to water-cooled magnets. This paper briefly introduces the above magnet technologies, reviews their development history and discusses their development perspectives.
  • Establishing and advancing China's innovation system for fourthgeneration natural uranium exploration, mining and metallurgical technologies
    YU Xiang, SU Xuebin, SUN Ye, WEN Zhenqian, REN Yu, LIU Zhangyue, CHANG Xixin
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 76-83. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.008
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    Building China's nuclear force and healthy development of nuclear energy require an urgent upgrade of natural uranium exploration, mining, and smelting technologies. Based on the current evaluation results of the current technical level of such technologies, a catch-up technology benchmarking system is established, advantageous resources are integrated, and a China's fourth-generation natural uranium exploration, mining, and smelting technology innovation system is constructed. The technology innovation system is guided by the“three-step”strategic thinking of scientific and technological innovation, striving to break through the weaknesses of key core technologies, drawing a blueprint of the fourth-generation technology system, introducing a series of measures such as building collaborative innovation platforms, fostering high-level and multi-tiered scientific and technological talent teams, and cultivating a favorable environment for innovation. Through the implementation of these measures, significant achievements have been obtained and several key core technologies have been internationally pioneered. This will comprehensively enhance China's independent innovation capabilities, with the output of achievements increasing year by year, significantly boosting the core competitiveness of China's natural uranium industry.
  • On airworthiness certification of automatic flight guidance and control system
    ZHANG Yuanyuan, WU Haowen
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 84-91. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.009
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    The airworthiness certification of automatic flight guidance and control system of civil aircraft faces challenges due to its highly integrated and increasingly complex design. In this paper, the airworthiness documentation system of automatic flight guidance and control system is analyzed. And corresponding airworthiness documents such as advisory circulars and equipment standard orders and certification procedures are classified and interpreted. On this basis, the determination principle of system design requirements and certification basis, as well as compliance methods and certification elements of automatic flight guidance and control system, are given in terms of system development and airworthiness certification. This paper provides help for evaluating the airworthiness compliance of AFGCS, especially for formulating certification plan in the early development stage and reducing the risk of the certification in the later stage.
  • Development pathway of new display technologies in China
    OUYANG Zhongcan
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 92-95. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.010
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    The rapid development of new display technologies, the upgrading and leap of the display industry, and the continuous emergence of multi-functional displays add color to digital life continually and make outstanding contributions to China's digital economy. This article provides an overview of the development status, latest research achievements, future development directions of display technology both domestically and internationally, as well as issues such as the lack of independent core display materials, severe dependence on foreign industrial support, and the need to improve the mass production process of new generation production factories. Suggestions are also proposed to ensure the advantageous position of China's display industry.
  • Problems and countermeasures of the transformation system of scientific and technological achievements in China
    MI Lei, ZHAO Ruirui, HOU Zipu, LI Caixia
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 96-102. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.011
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    Transformation of scientific and technological achievements is the key to the implementation of "science and technology being the primary productive force", and the core content of the combination of science and technology and economy. Starting from the underlying logic of economic society and scientific and technological innovation, this paper explains the transformation of scientific and technological achievements from the perspective of the integration of innovation chain and industrial chain. On this basis, several major problems existing in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements are deeply analyzed. Finally, to speed up the construction of scientific and technological achievements transformation system and break China's science and technology economy "two skins" problem, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward in terms of system mechanism, science and technology finance, new research and development institutions, common technology platform, and professional talent system.
  • Foundation intelligence: From federated intelligence to TAO-based intelligent systems federation
    WANG Fei-Yue, MIAO Qinghai
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 103-112. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.012
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    From the early use of mathematical tools to explore the mechanism of neural activity, to the use of artificial neural network models to simulate human intelligence, to the solution of specific problems based on deep networks, AI has developed over the past 80 years and has now entered the era of foundation intelligence (FI), which is characterized by its foothold in large models, serving the broad social groups. The development of large models faces a series of challenges. First, the quality and quantity of data necessary for large models training need to be improved. Second, high-end computing resource is limited, and model training has high power consumption and high carbon emissions, which brings environmental problems. Third, it is the socialization of large models that brings about social development problems such as discrimination and prejudice, the spread of false information, invasion of privacy, and impact on employment. In order to overcome the aforementioned challenges, it is essential to build a federal ecosystem (including federal data, federal control, federal management and federal services) with support of block chain and decentralized autonomous organizations (TRUE+DAO, TAO), and provide solutions for the development of artificial intelligence in the new era.
  • Overview of the development status of chiplet technology
    XIANG Shaolin,GUO Mao,PU Bo,FANG Liulu,LIU Shujuan,WANG Shaoyong,KONG Xianwei,ZHENG Tuo,LIU Jun,ZHAO Ming,HAO Qinfen,SUN Ninghui
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 113-131. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.013
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    Chiplet technology is a new generation of integrated circuit technology that has emerged in recent years. It has been widely recognized by the industry due to its excellent characteristics such as improving yield, breaking the limit of reticle size, flexibility in chip architecture, and standardization of IP supply chain. To further promote the development of chiplet technology in China, this article summarizes the application scenarios of chiplet technology, analyzes various core component technologies, elaborates on various technical challenges that may arise in the development of chiplet technology, reviews the development of China’s chiplet standards, and finally, puts forward some suggestions for the development of chiplet technology in China.
  • Integration and green development of renewable energy and traditional energy businesses of energy industry
    LI Jinze, ZHANG Guosheng, LIU He
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 132-137. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.014
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    Guided by the dual carbon goal, the green and low-carbon transformation of China's energy industry has become an inevitable requirement. This study clarifies the challenges of the development of renewable energy, summarizes the typical operating modes of developing renewable energy businesses based on traditional energy businesses of the current energy industry. In addition, an in-depth analysis is conducted on the relevant issues caused by the rapid development of the renewable energy industry, and corresponding suggestions are put forward to ensure the effectiveness of energy industry investment in renewable energy assets. Furthermore, this study clarifies the development direction of the integration of renewable energy and oil gas production and provides decision-making references for the high-quality synergy development of renewable energy and traditional energy businesses under the dual carbon goal.
  • "Dual carbon" stimulates new driving forces for high-quality development
    SHI Yubo
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 138-141. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.015
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    The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to "actively yet prudently promote carbon peaking and carbon neutrality". To realize the goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" ("dual carbon") is an internal requirement for implementing the new development concept, building a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development. This paper systematically explains how the implementation of the "dual carbon" strategy stimulates high-quality new momentum from five aspects: construction of a new energy system, construction of a new power system, innovation of green and low-carbon science and technology, promotion of a new development pattern，and modernization of governance capacity.
  • Energy technology revolution under "dual carbon" vision
    TU Yunchuan, WEI Zidong
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 142-148. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.016
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    With the promotion of "dual carbon" strategy, China is ushering in a critical period of the socio-economic green transformation. Gradual changes from traditional processes with high energy consumption and emission to green processes with low energy consumption and zero emission are driven by the innovation of energy technology. This paper mainly reviews the media role of hydrogen energy in the green and low-carbon transformations of the hard-to-decarbonize industries and introduces the key technological breakthroughs in the energy field. Finally, prospects for the construction of a multi-energy integration, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system are presented.
  • Development status and future development strategy of advanced materials in China
    LI Yuanyuan
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 149-154. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.017
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    The pioneering breakthroughs in materials continue to trigger explosive growth in high-tech and emerging industries.Advanced materials have become a key area of focus and development for countries to seize the technological commanding elevation, and are a fundamental and leading industry for economic and social development. The development of advanced materials determines the level of development in high-tech, emerging industries, high-end manufacturing and major engineering.This paper systematically analyzes the current development status of advanced materials field in China, summarizes major technology plans and development system capabilities, and proposes strategic directions and policy measures for the future development in advanced materials field of China.
  • Preparation and characterization of ZnO phosphors
    ZHANG Chengwen
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 155-159. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.018
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save
    Based on the solid-state reaction process, ZnO phosphors with different sintering temperatures were prepared, and wLED devices were prepared by combining near-ultraviolet LED chips. The photochromatic properties of the sample materials and devices were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, excitation and emission spectroscopy, spectrometer and other testing methods. The research results show that the spectral intensity of ZnO increases first and then decreases with the increase of sintering temperature and has an optimal value at 960° C; the corresponding excitation and emission spectral peaks are 380 nm and 501 nm，respectively. XRD and SEM show that the sample material has good crystallization properties.Under the condition of ZnO doping, the spectrum of the prepared wLED device is continuously improved. Under the condition of 4334 K the color rendering index reaches 95.7, an increase of 11.02%; the luminous flux and light extraction efficiency are 20.6 lm and 103 lm/W, respectively, decreased by 3.3%. This is because the emission spectrum distribution of ZnO deviates from the human visual efficiency curve, resulting in a slight decrease in the numerical value when calculating luminous flux.
  • Current status and prospect of organ medicine
    ZHANG Mingxi, ZHAO Qiang, HE Xiaoshun
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 160-165. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.019
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    Organ medicine makes up for the shortcomings of current medical research and treatment methodology and helps to achieve new breakthroughs in medical research thinking and mode. It is expected to produce a number of research results that have not been achieved by existing medical research methods, so as to further promote the transformation of medical devices, innovative drug research and medical education, and develop innovative products with broad market prospects. It will lay a foundation for China to seize the commanding heights of innovative core technologies in the field of medicine in the future international strategic competition, which is of great significance for the emergence of organ medicine related new disciplines and industries in the field of life science, promoting the technological upgrading of China's medical and pharmaceutical industry, and promoting Chinese medicine to enter the international leading ranks.
  • Research status and development strategy outlook of emergence food
    NING Cheng, LIU Changhong, ZHENG Lei
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 166-176. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.020
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    Emergency food is a category of food used to replenish nutrients and calories to sustain human body during emergency events，and its nutritional safety, processing and packaging, storage and distribution characteristics are significantly different from the conventional food. This paper introduces the current situation of emergency food product development, storage,transportation, processing and packaging technologies，and concludes with the typical features, development trends, and existing problems of the emergency food. Moreover, this paper envisions the future research and development strategies, processing tactics, and safety testing methods for emergency food with the objective of providing favourable recommendations for improving the development of emergency food.
  • Measurement and development strategy of agricultural informatization development level: A case study of Feicheng
    SHEN Jianbo, WANG Yingkuan, WANG Ken
    Science & Technology Review. 2023, 41(19): 177-188. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.19.021
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    Previous studies on evaluating agricultural informatization development level have large differences in indicators and weights to monitor and evaluate the agricultural informatization development level This study uses a combined weighting method to determine the weights of evaluation indicators and establishes a mathematical model to calculate the agricultural informatization development level index. Taking the 2019 data of 10 townships in Feicheng City, Shandong Province as the research object and according to the evaluation model, the agricultural informatization development levels of 10 townships in 2019 are ranked from high to low as Shiheng, Anjiazhuang, Bianyuan, Wenyang, Taoyuan, Wangzhuang, Hutun, Anlinzhan,Sunbo, and Chaoquan, with development level indexes being 0.5711, 0.5635, 0.5609, 0.5542, 0.5498, 0.5483, 0.5390, 0.5314,0.5244, and 0.5109, respectively The results and field surveys show that the agricultural informatization development indexes of the 10 townships have much room to improve and it is necessary to apply precision agriculture and digital agriculture related technologies to traditional crop planting. Meanwhile, under "one village, one product" and "one county, one industry" policies it is especially necessary to develop characteristic industries based on local actual conditions, adapt measures to local conditions,promote Feicheng peach planting digitalization, and integrate artificial intelligence and big data. Other modern agricultural technologies should be applied in all aspects of peach planting, input management, quality traceability and sales. In addition,applying information technology to agricultural socialized services and establishing an agricultural socialized service terminal platform may build a bridge between farmers and socialized services, docking agricultural services and comprehensively improve the level of agricultural informatization. This research has important practical significance for fully mobilizing scientific and technological forces to achieve the goal of common prosperity and for early realization of the goal of accelerating modernization of agriculture and rural areas during the "14th Five-Year Plan".

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