Facing the national needs, the author reviews the new research trends of strategic critical minerals at home and abroad, summarizes the current situation and existing problems in exploration and development of strategic critical minerals, and analyzes the resource potential of strategic critical minerals. On this basis, the author puts forward some proposals for the new round of prospecting and management of strategic critical minerals in China, which the author believes are of great strategic significance for ensuring the development of domestic strategic emerging industries and national security.

The world's energy utilization has entered a new sustainable pathway which is "clean,low-carbon and renewable".The United States tries to take the lead in developing a sustainable energy structure in order to ensure its global leadership in clean energy manufacturing and technological innovation,and ensure and achieve its national energy security and stable supply.Researches show that the total energy consumption in the US is gradually returning to pre-pandemic level and the energy efficiency is improving gradually.The transformation of the energy structure has caused the US greenhouse gas emissions to peak and continue to decline to pre-2000 levels.The carbon emissions of the power industry and the transportation industry have dropped dramatically,even with some up-going.The cost of sustainable energy generation in the United States is lower than that of other countries in the world.The improvement of the sustainable energy utilization level in the United States is guaranteed by a series of policies,regulations,financial investments and economic market measures.The U.S.government's carbon reduction initiatives and state energy efficiency guidelines guarantee the improvements in energy efficiency.The government promotes the energy transition,the investment in clean energy,and the clean energy and energy tax credits.The sustainable energy market will flourish through increased investment in natural gas,the electrification of the transportation sector and the revision of vehicle fuel economy standards.Sustainable utilization status of the United States energy shows the energy transformation direction led by "the cleanness of the energy utilization process,the low-carbon property of the utilized energy types,and the renewability of energy access way" will become the energy sustainable development trend,and the global sustainable energy technology innovation will become the position of key technology development and competition.Various difficulties in the process of international energy transition show that the bases for global cooperation in the areas of sustainable energy are numerous and extensive.The United States and China face similar situations and challenges in the energy structure and energy transition,but there are also differences.China's energy transformation will face an important technological no-man's land.We should fully understand the long-term nature,complexity and arduousness of the energy transformation from a strategic perspective,deeply strengthen the research on the basic,original and disruptive technologies of China's energy green and low carbon transformation,and promote China's energy green and low carbon safe transformation.

This paper provides an overview of the current development status of hydrogen energy highway transportation, rail transit, shipbuilding, and aviation in China. It analyzes the comprehensive performance of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in China and points out that the challenges faced by Chinese hydrogen energy vehicles are mainly high costs of vehicles and fuel and insufficient refueling infrastructure. However, as China steps into the middle and late stage of urbanization, heavy-load transportation and special transportation with fixed routes provide opportunities for the development of hydrogen vehicles, and family passenger vehicles will become an important direction. Hydrogen energy rail transit will also play a role in areas where electrification is difficult. Ships and aircraft powered by hydrogen compounds will become the focus of shipbuilding and aviation industries. In the future, hydrogen energy transportation should improve planning, promote technological integration and innovation, develop new hydrogen energy transportation travel modes, build a sound policy system, and adopt carbon market mechanism to achieve a new leap.

DARPA, as an incubator of disruptive technologies, plays an important role in the scientific and technological innovation of the US military. The research on DARPA RDT&E budget can provide an important basis for understanding the development direction and trend of US defense technology. This paper explored frontier technology innovations of the US military by analyzing the budgets from FY 2014 to FY 2023. The results show that (1) the focus of the budget has shifted from basic research to advanced technology development, (2) the budget shows a trend of continuously arranging frontier technologies, promoting the demonstration and verification of new technologies, and helping the construction of the "mosaic warfare", and (3) microelectronics, artificial intelligence, communication and network, and biotechnology have been the key research areas of DARPA in the past two years.

For the event sponsored by Science & Technology Review to select Chinese annual top advances in science,technology and engineering, altogether top 10 scientific, top 10 technological and top 10 engineering achievements during Jan.1 to Dec.31 of 2023 have been selected from respective published influential academic journals and scientific newspapers. The selection procedure involved screening and recommending candidates internally, followed by appraisal of experts including editorial board members and external reviewers. This article introduces these achievements in chronological sequence.

The deep integration of transportation and land use as a development model has emerged as a critical factor in achieving high-quality urban development in China. This paper initially reviews the origins of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) and examines its unique Chinese connotations, and summarizes the progression of integrated development from the initial stage, the research promotion stage, the rapid advancement stage to the beginning of entering a new stage of high-quality integrated development. Based on this foundation, the paper investigates the interplay between TOD and future urban and transportation landscapes, identifies the primary challenges and impediments to advancing TOD in China, and offers a set of recommendations for bolstering comprehensive efforts to promote TOD development.

Respiratory virus infections are common and frequently occurring diseases caused by multiple viruses and have apparent similarities in epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical medicine. Nutrition and exercise are effective measures for preventing and treating respiratory virus infections, but there are no universally applicable nutritional and exercise recommendations for the infections yet. Based on a large number of studies on nutrition and exercise measures for COVID-19, as well as the expert consensus, the guidelines of authoritative professional institutions, and the systematic reviews with high hierarchy of evidence in relevant areas, this paper puts forward universal dietary nutrition and exercise recommendations for respiratory virus infection according to the extent of the infections. The proposed recommendations include nutritional and exercise strategies in the prevention stage and the disease stage (divided into mild and severe conditions) and can be used as a reference guideline for relevant professionals and patients according to different situations.

Carbon neutrality is a global consensus for climate change mitigation and adaptation and an important strategic choice for sustainable economic and social development. Achieving carbon neutrality is arduous and time-critical, and carbon emission reduction and carbon sequestration initiatives must be systematically implemented in critical areas. Based on the current situation and characteristics of China's carbon imbalance, we summarize and propose a pathway framework for moving toward carbon neutrality, discuss the specific implementation pathways for carbon emission reduction in energy systems and carbon sink enhancement in ecosystems, and point out that we should strengthen research on the synergistic relationship between emission reduction and sink enhancement and socio-economic development under climate change, aiming to help China achieve the goal of carbon neutrality scientifically and steadily.

This paper retrospects the high-altitude full pressure suit in early technical validation, describes the development and evolution characteristics of the high-altitude flight full pressure suit, and summarizes the structure realization forms. Besides, the critical technical problems, i.e., low-pressure protection, thermal protection and operational ergonomics in the design process of the high-altitude full-pressure suit, are analyzed. Finally, the development of full pressure suit is prospected. It is considered that the manufacturing technique, advanced materials and new suits structure should be further studied in the future, and a standardized, lightweight, flexible and comfortable high-altitude full pressure suit should be designed.

In order to better play the role of agricultural engineering in ensuring food security, this article analyzes the different contributions of various branches of agricultural engineering, and proposes key directions for the development of agricultural engineering in China according to the constraints of resources, environment, and ecology faced by food production in China. The contributions of various branches of agricultural engineering in ensuring food security are as follows: agricultural mechanization improves labor production efficiency and ensures the planting area of grain; agricultural soil and water engineering ensures the safety of soil and water resources; land consolidation engineering ensures the quantity and quality of cultivated land; agricultural biological environmental engineering implements intensive production without competing with grain for land; rural energy and environmental engineering reduces environmental pollution; agricultural product processing engineering reduces grain loss and seed processing increases grain production. The key development directions of agricultural engineering technology are as follows： playing a comprehensive and collaborative role in promoting the construction of high standard farmland, improving the level of agricultural mechanization and informatization, improving agricultural product processing technology, promoting seed industry engineering, developing ecological agricultural engineering, and improving farmland infrastructure construction. Food security is a comprehensive project, and the coordinated implementation of agricultural engineering technology can provide technical support and necessary guarantees for China's food security.

Deep space exploration embodies comprehensive national power and has become the commanding height of science and technology competition among the world's space powers. Deep space resource utilization is the key frontier of international deep space exploration,in which the utilization of matter resources is of great significance for humanity's space expansion. This paper introduces the connotation of deep space resource and summarizes the significance of its utilization. Focusing on matter resources, this paper investigates the state-of-the-art research on the volatile extraction and utilization, atmospheric resource utilization, mineral resource extraction and refining, and in-situ manufacturing and construction on planetary surfaces. Finally,this paper offers an outlook for the trends in utilization deep space matter resources, paving the way for the future research in deep space exploration.

Cancer is one of the major health challenges worldwide. It is in urgent need to develop new technologies, new medicine, and new strategies to prevent and treat cancer. Cancer research is one key area in today’s global scientific competition. Importantly, basic research holds the key for successful cancer prevention and treatment. It is the major reason why we are behind the world-class level in developing novel cancer targets and drugs. In order to promote cancer prevention and treatment in the new era, we should pay special attention to cancer basic research. High-level cancer basic research could be supported through stable financial funding, wise project setting, improved industry-university-research cooperation mechanisms, and effective international cooperation.

Large-scale scientific facilities are important equipment for scientific and technological innovations. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC，construction of large-scale scientific facilities in China has been steadily advanced and many achievements have been acquired. The article reviews the construction and development process of large-scale scientific facilities since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, then analyzes the problems existing in the development of large-scale scientific facilities. Finally, some suggestions are put forward from the aspects of funding investment, solving key technology and strengthening international cooperation for realizing sci-tech self-reliance and self-improvement.

The urban and rural energy supply system refers to the supply system that provides electricity supply, heat supply and fuel supply for buildings and industrial production. Urban and rural energy supply system includes the transmission and distribution system, intermediate transition system, and consumption and regulation of end-users. Carbon neutrality targets will revolutionize this system. This paper systematically discusses the structure, characteristics and regulation of the new electricity system and heating supply systems towards China’s zero-carbon target, as well as the direction of the fuel system. This paper discusses the tasks that need to be accomplished in each period to achieve zero carbon goal in three timeframes, and gives a pathway to a zero carbon energy supply system.

W boson is the elementary bosonic particle mediating the weak force and its mass is originated from electroweak symmetry breaking. Precision measurements of W boson mass provide a self-consistence check of the standard model theory and could hint at new particles or other mysteries of physics yet to be discovered. The Fermilab CDF group published the most precise result on W boson mass and found that this new measurement disagreed with the standard model's expectation by 7 sigma on the statistical significance. This finding would possibly challenge the current understanding of the standard model of particle physics.

As a crystallization of ancient Chinese science, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has gradually entered the mainstream international medical system. Chinese and Western medicine have different scientific paradigms. Western medicine is rooted in a simplistic paradigm based on material science, while TCM follows a complex paradigm based on information science. TCM is guided by the principle of "efficacy" and operates under the concepts of "harmony between man and nature" and "harmony between man and virtue". It places the human body's information system at the core and establishes close connections between the doctor and patient, human health and the natural environment, intervention measures, as well as temporal and spatial factors. Through methods such as "syndrome differentiation and treatment", TCM achieves the transformation of information and ultimately aims to maintain health, alleviate ailments, and promote longevity. With the rise of technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence, TCM, characterized by "information science", will further achieve high-quality development and ultimately realize the modernization of TCM.

The International Space Station (ISS) continued to play its important role as an on-orbit scientific research and application platform. Comprehensive statistics and text analysis of the ISS experiments databases of the United States and Russia and annual highlights of results report showed the following findings. For the Expedition 66-67 from October 2021 to September 2022, NASA, Roscosmos, ESA, JAXA and CSA sponsored 360 experiments in six categories, including technology development and demonstration, biology and biotechnology, physical science, human research, educational and cultural activities, and earth and space science, of which new experiments accounted for more than 40%. At the same time, new scientific achievements, such as teleoperation by ISS crew to control robotic components on earth, creation and measurements of bubbles of ultracold atoms on-orbit, and observation of a magnetar, attracted widespread attention from the global science community. By focusing on representative new experiments and achievements this review comprehensively reflects the progress in the scientific research and application of ISS in this period, the progress of scientific research and application is comprehensively reflected. ISS is at the peak of scientific research and application output, with highly active research activities and continuous emergence of scientific achievements. In the future, it is expected to produce more new achievements to benefit space and Earth.

As a non-carbon clean energy, geothermal energy plays an important role in promoting the development goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality due to its advantages of stable and continuous supply. The utilization of geothermal energy is generally divided into geothermal power generation, geothermal direct utilization and geothermal energy storage. Since 2010, global geothermal direct utilization has grown exponentially, with the installed capacity of geothermal direct utilization and annual heat utilization of about 108 GWt and 283,580 GWh, respectively. China has long ranked first in the world in terms of geothermal direct utilization. The geothermal heat pump system shows an exponential growth of about 16% every year, and the geothermal heat pump system accounts for about 72% and 60% of the installed capacity and heat utilization of the global direct utilization of geothermal heat, respectively. The average annual growth rate of geothermal power generation from 2010 to 2020 is about 4% restricted by high-temperature geothermal resources. Geothermal energy storage is the frontier field of geothermal utilization. Europe and the United States have deployed the "HEATSTORE" and "Geothermal Battery" energy storage projects respectively. The geothermal energy storage project deployed by the Geothermal Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has also entered the stage of key technology research and demonstration projects construction. As a huge natural energy storage, geothermal storage is the most suitable basis for storing energy and realizing a stable supply of thermal energy in a multi-energy complementary system. It can save other energy sources across seasons, realize efficient and large-scale energy storage across seasons, and improve energy utilization efficiency. Therefore, it can help achieve the development goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

Quality 4.0 is an emerging quality management concept, which has been increasingly appreciated due to intensification of competition, continually changing customer requirements, and technological evolution. It deals with aligning the practices of quality management with the emergent capabilities of Industry 4.0 to improve cost, time and efficiency as well as increase product quality. As the future of quality, Quality 4.0 has become a potential choice for enterprises and has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In the literature, many studies have been conducted to investigate Quality 4.0 from different perspectives. They provide valuable insights and interesting research suggestions concerning Quality 4.0. However, the current researches on Quality 4.0 are insufficient in terms of basic concept, architecture design and key technologies. Therefore, this paper tries to improve the concept of Quality 4.0 by clarifying the definition, features and goals of Quality 4.0 based on a comprehensive review of current researches and practices. Then, a basic architecture of Quality 4.0 is presented by including physical layer, edge layer, analysis layer and decision layer. Besides, eight key technologies, i. e., industrial big data, digital twins, machine learning, machine vision, visualization technology, optimization techniques, connect technology, and collaborative technology, are identified to support the implementation of Quality 4.0. Finally, the problems of Quality 4.0 implementation in the Chinese manufacturing industry and the possible solutions to address them are discussed.

We summarize Loo-Keng Hua's important update on economic optimization theory before his immortal death, which unfortunately fell asleep for 37 years and was not awakened until the end of 2021. Next, we introduce its subsequent progress, including one revision, one re-update, and five new developments: a new method for stability analysis; product (industry) level (ranking); prediction and adjustment; optimization of economic structure; efficient algorithms for reordering and large matrix principal eigenvalues (as well as the top 6 eigenvalues in major and minor order). It is rare that multiple transformations provide exactly the same unstable time and product. In the early years, the proof of the Hua's economic collapse theorem was based on the ergodic theorem of the Markov chain, and the recent results are all based on the transition probability matrix of the Markov chain, which may be seen as a new approach to economic optimization research. These achievements have been applied to one provincial-level and five national level input-output tables in China, testing the rationality and reliability of the theory.

Ultrafast science employs ultrafast light sources and ultrafast measurement as the main approaches to understand, apply and control macroscopic matter through the measurement and manipulation of ultrafast kinetic processes of microscopic particles. As one of the most important frontiers in international science and technology, the development of ultrafast science will provide an important impetus for original innovation in numerous disciplines. Its breakthroughs will help to address many important issues related to the vital national needs and public health. This paper focuses on the research of ultrafast laser technology, ultrafast measurement technology and ultrafast dynamics in ultrafast science, mainly introducing their development status, frontier application and future prospect. In-depth analysis of the problems facing the development of ultrafast science in China is provided, and specific recommendations are proposed to promote its development, including strengthening top-level design, promoting industrialization, improving the evaluation mechanism for talent cultivation, supporting major scientific and technological infrastructures, and participating in international big science programs.

Brain science is regarded as the "ultimate frontier" to understand the relationship between universe, nature and human beings, and human beings have never stopped exploring human brain and imitating its mechanism. In the past few centuries, human beings have gained certain understanding of the anatomical structure of human brain and unique functions of each part of the human brain, but its information processing mechanism, the formation of intelligence and other issues need to be further explored. At the same time, it is of great significance to investigate the information processing way of human brain to the study of brain-like intelligence, which plays an important role in expansion and application of human intelligence and is the next goal of AI. Based on extensive research on brain science and brain-like intelligence research at home and abroad, this paper addresses some key scientific issues from a perspective of AI technology in terms of brain information processing mechanism driven by big data, human intelligence formation mechanism based on multiple brain regions collaboration, development mechanism of brain diseases with multi-marker linkage and the mechanism of brain-like depth computing based on multi-modal fusion. It is also suggested to strengthen brain science and brain-like intelligence research from the aspects of interdisciplinary integration, industry-university-research cooperation promotion, international exchange and sharing, strategic planning and deployment, training of scientific talents and so on.

With the rapid development of planetary science and deep space exploration, astrobiology has been turned into a crucial frontier discipline. Artificial space analogs manipulated by simulation facilities are powerful tools for astrobiological research. Laboratory-based planetary environment simulation serves as an important complement to remote sensing and in-situ detection, providing indispensable support for planetary science research. This paper reviews several representative planetary environment simulation facilities, including their functional designs and astrobiological experiments. They have been proven to be promising and useful for studies of extraterrestrial life signal detection and life adaptation strategies under Mars-like extreme conditions. Last but not least, a practical outlook on the future development and scientific research of planetary environment simulation devices are further discussed.

Based on the panel data of 87 cities and states in six provinces in central China from 2011 to 2021, this paper integrates three-stage data envelopment analysis, global and local spatial autocorrelation methods to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and agglomeration pattern of the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation for each city, and explores its dynamic and static driving mechanisms. The results show that the degree of regional differences in efficiency of scientific and technological innovation has increased and that the spatial distribution has gradually changed from "strong in the north as a whole and weak in the south, but different in parts" to the core and periphery of provincial capitals. Spatial agglomeration has increased, and different innovation driving mechanisms have been formed. To improve the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in this region it is an important way to provide better policies and scientific and technological support services for small, medium and micro enterprises.

This paper reviews the evolution process of the concept of the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide, analyzes its essential characteristics, and discusses the inheritance, development and innovation of the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide from the former one in multiple dimensions. Then, it expounds the situations and new requirement of implementing the new system. Using the theory of national innovation system, this paper puts forward the analysis framework of perfecting the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide. Finally, it explores the implementing path based on the analysis framework and current reality.

Some critical aspects of metaverse are briefed. The significance of immersion to metaverse is highlighted. Efforts to improve the sense of immersion are investigated. The principles of some immersive display technologies including head-mounted display (HMD), head-up display (HUD) and large size display are introduced and the corresponding prospects are envisioned. The importance of immersive interaction on metaverse is analyzed. Values of computer graphics, artificial intelligence and machine vision for metaverse are induced. The potential applications of metaverse are predicted based on the mentioned features.

Major infrastructure for science and technology is an important constituent of national infrastructure, a significant strength  symbol  of  the  national  science,  technology,  economy,  and  even  the  soft  power.  The  construction  of  China's  major infrastructure for science and technology started in 1960s and experienced germination, growth, development, and  rapid development  stages.  Some  facilities  have  reached  the  world's  leading  level,  generating  a  number  of  internationally  renowned achievements in science and technology, which substantially supported national strategic needs and sustained the development of science and technology. However, there are  still gaps and  shortcomings in  construction  of national major infrastructure  for science and technology, such as the lack of world-leading, original or even unique facilities, the need to strengthen the institutionalize  research  at  facilities  and  to  improve  the  international  cooperation.  China's  science  and  technology  development needs to resolve the above issues, to strengthen the top-level design and optimize the management, to initiate large international science projects so as to make greater contributions to the economic and social development, the construction of a world-leading country on science and technology with a high level of self-reliance and self-strengthening.

For the event sponsored by Science & Technology Review to select Chinese annual top advances in science, technology and engineering, altogether top 10 scientific, top 10 technological and top 10 engineering achievements during January 1 to December 31 of 2022 have been selected from respective published influential academic journals and scientific newspapers. The selection procedure involved screening and recommending candidates internally, followed by appraisal of experts including editorial board members and external reviewers. This article introduces these achievements in a time sequence of publishing.

With the continuous development of bionic technology, human beings have made breakthroughs in obser-vation and simulation modeling of amphibians such as flying fish, Uria aalge, Gannet, and flying squid. On this basis, the field of aquatic unmanned aerial vehicle (AquaUAV) has also developed rapidly, but there are still some key technical difficulties. According to the types of bionic organisms, this review summariz-es the studies of the AquaUAV prototype, as well as the progress made in the wing structure, water/air propulsion method in recent years. Then, from the perspective of computer simulation and experiments, the research methods used in the study of kinematics and dynamics are analyzed. Finally, combined with the development status of this field, some key technical challenges are summarized and the future of AquaUAV is prospected.

For the past 10 years China's disaster mitigation capabilities, modern comprehensive rescue capabilities, and major security risk prevention capabilities have been continuously enhanced and emergency management in the new era has achieved remarkable results. Meanwhile, research on disaster prevention and mitigation has provided strong scientific and technological support for the sustainable development of countries along the "Belt and Road", and the big data platform for disasters has played an important role in disaster prevention and mitigation. Given the current situation and trend of the frequent and high occurrence of natural disasters in China, there are still challenges in natural disaster prevention and mitigation in terms of background data, mechanism understanding, and risk prediction. In the future we should focus on strengthening basic research of natural disasters, establishing monitoring and early warning systems, construction of a resilient society, science education, and natural disaster insurance, so as to better promote sustainable socio-economic development and create a livable earth and build a community of human destiny in harmony with nature.

The recycling of renewable resources is a feasible, cost-controllable, replicable and popularizable carbon emission reduction scheme, which is a strong support for achieving sustainable development and carbon neutrality. In view of the lack of quantitative assessment of carbon emission reduction potential of renewable resources recycling, this study evaluates the recycling potential of bulk material resources, including cement, sand, gravel, brick, lime, glass, rubber, wood, plastics, asphalt, steel, aluminum and copper. In particular, the carbon emission reduction path and carbon neutralization potential of the steel and cement industries with "high energy consumption, high emission and high output" were sorted out and quantitatively assessed. The calculation results show that the demand for bulk material resources will continue to decrease after reaching the peak around 2025, and the amount of scrapped material resources will increase after 2030. The amount of scrapped material resources will reach about 5.46 billion tons per year in 2060, and the proportion of construction waste will be as high as 90% and concentrated in the southeastern coastal provinces. From 2019 to 2060, the reduction of demand for bulk material resources has led to the continuous reduction of carbon emissions. If the circular economy strategies are coordinated, the CO2 emissions in 2060 will be reduced to 430 million tons per year, 77% lower than the emission level in 2018. Among them, the recycling of scrap metals, especially scrap iron and steel, has the greatest potential for CO2 emission reduction. If the recycling rate of scrap iron and steel is increased to more than 90% in 2060, the carbon emissions of the iron and steel industry in 2018 will be reduced by 90%, and the carbon emissions will be reduced by 440 million tons. In contrast, due to the limitation of recycling technology and product recycling value, cement production can only achieve CO2 emission reduction by improving resource efficiency and prolonging product service life. Finally, this study describes the resource recycling policies, models and technologies that need to be deployed during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period as the key period and window period to promote the recycling of renewable resources. Our study provides important support for the realization of carbon neutrality goals.

Magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials have the advantages of high hydrogen storage capacity, abundant magnesium resources and low cost, and are considered to be of promising application prospects. In recent years, numerous researches have focused on improving the performance of hydrogen supply by pyrolysis/hydrolysis of MgH₂ and many good achievements have been obtained. Based on the recent research progress, this paper summarizes the effects of the material/ structure modification and the reaction conditions on pyrolysis/hydrolysis performance of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials, and expounds the relationship between composition-microstructure-properties of solid Mg-based hydrogen storage materials. Meanwhile, the Mg-based hydrogen storage systems and their industrial applications are summarized. At last, the current results of the solid state Mg-based hydrogen storage are summarized and some suggestions for the future investigations are proposed.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has seized the strategic opportunity of the new round of technological revolution and industrial change, and elevated the development of the digital economy into a national strategy. Besides, China has issued a series of major policies, which play an important role in supporting and promoting the development of the digital technology and digital economy. This article reviews China's digital economy development strategy and related policies during this period, summarizes the effects of implementation and the remarkable achievements of the digital economy, and proposes recommendations and reflections on the development of China's digital economy based on the summary of experiences and analysis of problems.

The low carbon economy rising at the beginning of this century has focused on the low-carbon transition of energy structure and economic structure. China has accelerated the pace of green and low-carbon transformation of energy, continuously upgraded the industrial structure, and achieved remarkable results in energy conservation, emission reduction and carbon reduction. Afforestation and circular economy development have also reduced the carbon intensity and the green and low-carbon lifestyle has become a social fashion since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. China has actively participated in global governance of climate change and carry out South-South cooperation to address climate change and provide support and assistance to developing countries within its capabilities. China's goal of carbon peak and carbon neutralization has stimulated the vitality of low-carbon economic development. Based on the analysis of opportunities and challenges faced by China's development, it is proposed that we should adhere to the principle of establishing first and then breaking down, make overall planning, ensure energy security while reducing carbon, take the optimization of economic structure as an important task, and take the socialist modernization power with Chinese characteristics as the direction to achieve sustainable development.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, the introduction of a new food security strategy has provided an important basis for ensuring national food security. And new ideas, thoughts and policies have been introduced and supplemented, continuing to enrich and broaden the connotations and boundaries of the road to food security with Chinese characteristics. This paper reviews the important achievements and significance of China's food security under the guidance of the food security strategy in the new era and sorts out the evolutionary path and the shift which characterizes the current food security strategy. China's food security strategy has undergone five major changes:from taking care of the overall food varieties to preserving the key varieties, from promoting output to strengthening production capacity, from pressing the production areas to making a concerted effort, from emphasizing quantity to improving quality, and from the production side to the whole chain. In terms of policy options, to promote further improvements in food security, we should start with the in-depth implementation of the strategy of storing grain in the land and storing grain in technology, improving the institutional mechanism of two positive aspects of farmers' grain cultivation and local food control, establishing a synergistic mechanism of food security and green development under the goal of double carbon, building a double cycle system based on domestic production and integration of international resources and establishing a comprehensive food security system led by the Big Food Vision.

Space science as one of the three major fields of China's space programs plays the key role in the construction of a first-class S&T power nation. Along with a brief review on the science mission profiles of the United States and European Space Agency, this paper states that China's space science has entered into a new era and that the guidance of major scientific goals and great science excellence have become the main principles for solicitation, selection and implementation of China's science missions. Over the past decade, the strategic priority program (SPP) on space science has taken the lead in establishing China's scientific satellite series and produced a number of original scientific achievements. The China manned space program(CMSP) and China's lunar and deep space exploration program(CLDSEP) have also achieved influential scientific & engineering outcomes. Considering space scientific missions as the most important platform for basic research, this paper once again calls on the deployment of more scientific satellites in China’ s space program to yield world-leading scientific breakthroughs.

The combination of science and technology has expanded the multi-dimensional possibility of human action. In recent years, ethical events triggered by new technologies such as gene editing and artificial intelligence have pushed the ethical governance of science and technology from the background to the foreground. Based on the systematic exposition of the integration of the science and technology ethics and the emergence of China's science and technology ethics governance, this paper analyzes the reasons why the science and technology ethics governance needs practical wisdom as a practical activity and the ways how the practical wisdom guides the science and technology ethics governance. It is shown that the application of the modern science and technology requires "ethics first". The practical wisdom can deal with the conflict between "can proposition" and "should proposition" in the science and technology ethics, constantly balance the principles of the prevention and the initiative, judge the human well-being and clarify the responsibility of the science and technology ethics governance. The results show that the practical wisdom provides a specific guidance for the ethical governance of science and technology by balancing the abstract principles and the specific scenarios, grasping the ethical boundaries of the science and technology application and the scientific and technological risks. The practical wisdom is not the wisdom of a single subject, but the consensus of all the wisdom of the governance community. Therefore, we must build a scientific and technological ethics governance community.

The EU's 9^th Framework Programme, namely ‘Horizon Europe’ programme, has started in 2021. It is so far the world's largest science and technology funding programme. This paper focuses on analyzing the innovation methods and its application adopted by ‘Horizon Europe’. Then suggestions on the application of China's science and technology programmes are raised, including strengthening preliminary research design, carrying out predictive research, strengthening the coherence among different programmes, encouraging the concept of "joint design", and opening up the channels of open access to information, etc.

On the basis of exploring the definition and the historical evolution of the strategic scientific and technological force, in view of the experience of the successful construction and development of the U.S. National Laboratory, and the mission and the existing problems of the China's national strategic scientific and technological force, some suggestions are put forward for the development of China's national strategic scientific and technological force.

Origins,worlds,and life:a decadal strategy for planetary science and astrobiology 2023-2032,the 3rd planetary decadal in 21st century to guide the solar system exploration in the coming 10 years (hereinafter referred to briefly as Decadal 2023),covers a broad range of recommendations such as science missions,research and analysis,and technologies.The article focuses on its three scientific themes,the recommended science program with big,medium and small missions,the deep space probes under development adopted by the previous decadal,and the cross-discipline missions which aim to achieve groundbreaking discovery in search for life elsewhere.Moreover,the Decadal 2023 includes for the first time the elements of planetary defense and state of profession,the latter of which interprets space science's social values.Though the planetary science just started lately in China,it has entered a rapid development phase benefiting from lunar and planetary explorations of China.The article aims to inspire future planetary progress in China through lessons learned from the American planetary decadal practices,e.g.,implementing science-driven missions with cutting-edge technology,emphasizing research and analysis,and investing new instrumentation development.