This paper focuses on the latest progress of oil generation, storage, production and engineering transformation of Gulong shale oil in Songliao Basin and holds that the high oil generation and low hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of Gulong shale provides important material basis for oil production. The micro-nano pore and fracture combination system widely developed in Gulong shale provides the spatial basis for shale oil reservoir. In terms of engineering transformation, engineering technologies such as increasing the proportion of guanidine adhesive fracturing fluid, using silt slug to plug micro-fractures near the well, reducing the number of clusters in the section, increasing the construction displacement, and using stress interference in a positive way are proposed to realize the joint network concept of "controlling near and expanding far" and improve the scale and degree of transformation. By quantifying the process and sequence of energy release through hydraulic elastic flooding, rock and fluid elastic flooding, and dissolved gas flooding, reasonable control of pressure and orderly release of elastic energy can be achieved to control the decline of volume development. Although the revolutionary transformation of continental facies shale oil from "oil generation" to "oil production" still faces major challenges in theoretical mechanism, the engineering technologies and benefit development, continental facies shale oilin a huge scale is one of the important goals to ensure national energy security in the future.

This paper summarizes the recent progress of global nuclear energy science and technology, focusing on nuclear fission and fusion, coupling utilization of nuclear energy and other energies, frontier technology of nuclear energy informatization and nuclear waste treatment. The global research and development of nuclear energy is developing steadily. Nuclear power technology will gradually realize the development from the second generation to the third generation. Small reactors have good applications in the sea, land and air. The progress of nuclear fusion technology has been introduced, including high temperature superconducting fusion, laser ignition inertial confinement fusion, Tokamak fusion device, International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor. The coupling utilization of nuclear energy and other energies such as hydrogen energy and solar energy, provides a new solution for the development of renewable energies and the realization of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. High-precision multi-physical field coupling analysis and calculation, digital twin technology, informatization and database construction are important directions for sustainable development of nuclear energy in the future. The latest advances in radioactive waste treatment and disposal technologies have been summarized, including the reduction and solidification of low- and medium-level radioactive waste, radionuclide removal and vitrification of high-level radioactive waste, and treatment and disposal of spent fuel. The overall situation shows that nuclear energy is still an important part of the global energy structure.

The progressive intensification of the population aging trend has rendered proactive engagement with this challenge exceedingly imperative. Aging denotes the organ function decline over time, the process of which is closely related to the occurrence of a variety of chronic diseases. To reveal the biological basis of aging and develop effective intervention measures has become an important and urgent issue facing the biomedical community. In this paper, the core issues of aging research were discussed, and the construction of aging model, mechanism exploration, quantification of aging degrees and implementation of intervention strategies were reviewed. The following suggestions are made: a diversified and systematic research system should be adopted in the research of aging; the aging mechanism is interpreted through the thinking combining reductionism and holistic view; a universal, reliable and highly sensitive detection system should be explored, and accurate and efficient aging intervention strategies should be developed to address the challenges posed by population aging.

The emergence of intelligent research paradigm has begun to have a huge impact and influence on all walks of life.This paper summarizes the understanding and experience of the connotation, nature, characteristics and development trend of scientific research paradigm, introduces five types of scientific research paradigms : experimental paradigm, theoretical paradigm, computer paradigm, data science paradigm and intelligent scientific research paradigm, analyzes the key bottleneck problems in the development of traditional Chinese medicine.It points out that the five major scientific research paradigms, simple and complex paradigm, information science and material science research paradigm, as well as the research ideas and achievements of scientific research paradigm in medical field have provided rich and solid support for the emergence and formation of new paradigm of traditional Chinese medicine.It proposes ideas and methods to promote the high-quality and efficient development of traditional Chinese medicine through paradigm transformation.

The discovery of bilayer nickelate superconductor La₃Ni₂O₇ under high pressure has attracted worldwide attention, in which theoretical research plays a vital role. So far, theoretical calculations show that the two e_g Ni 3d_x2-y2 and 3d_z2 orbitals in La₃Ni₂O₇ are crucial to the formation of superconductivity, while the O₂ p orbital also appears on the Fermi surface. Multi-orbital models have been proposed based on the above analysis. Various calculations show that La₃Ni₂O₇ has a s^± wave pairing symmetry although other pairing symmetries can be obtained. Theoretical calculations shows that the superconducting mechanism is unconventional and closely related to antiferromagnetic fluctuation. The vacancy of apical oxygen has a significant impact on the occurrence of superconductivity. The discovery of trilayer nickelate superconductor La₄Ni₃O₁₀ under pressure has further enriched the family of nickelate superconductors. And its electronic band structure, multi-orbital model, superconducting pairing symmetry and so on have been investigated and explored theoretically.

The Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry were awarded to scholars who conducted researches related to artificial intelligence, which sparked heated discussions and debates in the scientific community. The unexpectedness of the Nobel Prize award is not a "sadness" in the physics community but rather awakens people's attention to the unexpected development and widespread penetration of artificial intelligence. The "complexity challenge" forces AI and all traditional sciences to come together, and we should pay more attention to interdisciplinary research. This award may leave a mark in the history of technological development, and our descendants will remember these great scientists who have made significant contributions to the human race's march towards the age of intelligence.

Membrane separation technology, the mainstream of lithium extraction from salt lake brine in China, has a great strategic significance for the development of lithium resources and new energy in China. Based on the research results published in top international journals in 2023, this paper reviews the important studies of lithium extraction from salt lake brine by membrane method from the aspects of membrane modification, process parameter optimization, and multiple membrane processes, and provides a reference for the latest developments in the field. Membrane modification research mainly focuses on enhancing the electropositivity and permeability of the membrane, which aims to overcome the trade-off effect. The optimization of process parameters, which is conducive to the separation potential of high-performance membranes, requires further in-depth research. Being capable of realizing ultra-high purity Li⁺ enrichment, the multistage membrane coupling process is an important way for membrane lithium extraction from saline lakes towards industrial application.

Distinguished engineers are an important component of the national strategic talent force, which is of great significance for accelerating sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening at higher levels and building a world scientific and technological powerhouse. Based on the analysis of the first National Engineer Award winners, this paper conducts a portrait analysis of the characteristics, abilities, and growth paths of the group to explore the common growth patterns of the engineer community. It is found that advanced engineering technical knowledge and skills are prerequisite for outstanding engineers, exploring and solving practical engineering technical problems are their mission, scientific research and innovation capabilities are their foundation, and they are driven by national needs and the industrial development. Their growths stem from full career development learning, collaborative research of task teams, and dedicated research towards breakthroughs in key technology areas. Based on these findings this paper deeply analyzes the problems existing in the current training of outstanding engineers in China and proposes some suggestions.

European Space Agency decides to develop the space weather mission Vigil as its first dedicated operational satellite in the Space Safety Program, which is a milestone in the field of global space weather research, forecast and services. This paper describes the unique advantages of Vigil mission in monitoring and forecasting space weather at the L5 point of the Sun-Earth system, and briefly addresses its objective and payload. Its long formulation process and future implementation plan are reviewed, as well as the active participation of the United States in the mission. It is pointed out that China must pay more attentions to the negative impacts of space weather on economic and social development and space security, and actively promote the development of an independent national space weather space-based monitoring system.

China's food security governance has been evolving in line with the goal of food security. At present, a food production pattern with new type of agricultural operating entities as its core and green production as the means has been gradually formed. Adapting to the changing governance goals through self-innovation, with an increasing number of participating entities and a growing diversity of governance tools, China's grain security governance system can effectively ensure food security. However, to realize the modernization of the food security governance system and capacity, a series of challenges need to be addressed, including the bottleneck of food production due to resource constraints, continuous impact on food security by climate change and international environment, low comparative benefits of food production, the abandonment of cultivated land, persistent non-grain production or non-agricultural use of cultivated land, and lagged application and promotion of agricultural technology. It is necessary to develop smart agriculture to improve resource utilization efficiency, strengthen infrastructure construction to mitigate the impacts of climate change, advance the international cooperation to alleviate pressure on the food system, promote high-standard farmland to improve land productivity, and optimize the agricultural technology promotion system to enhance technological efficiency.

In the 21st century, the application of hydrogen energy and development of hydrogen energy industry have received extensive attention from the society. From the history of the Earth formation and geophysical data, the Earth's interior is a hydrogen energy reservoir. Data from Continental Science drilling suggest that large earthquakes may generate seismic waves that surround the globe and move fracture zones in the Earth's crust and mantle to release gas from the Earth's interior. After earthquakes, the Earth can release gases such as hydrogen, helium and methane, which will rush up through the mantle fracture zones to the upper crust. If there are rock layers with low permeability in the upper crust covering the upwelling gas, they may become a hydrogen energy reservoir in the deep crystalline rock. In China, there may be such deep hydrogen energy storage in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which deserves further study.

This paper reviews the major optical advances in 2023 by retrospecting progresses made in the fields of optical technology research, such as photophysics, optical material and structures, bio-medical optics, light-matter interaction, optoelectronics, optical design and instrumentation, optical information processing, light source and high field laser, interdisciplinary photonics, visual color, terahertz optics. It may have a great impact on human existence and life style in the future.

The deployment of semi-submersible production and storage oil platform "Deepsea No.1" signifies a significant leap in China's ability to develop deep-water oil and gas fields and to construct deep-water ocean engineering equipment. However, due to prolonged offshore operations, deep-water oil and gas platforms face environmental challenges such as corrosion from seawater, marine organism attachment, wind and wave flow. As a result, the development of underwater operation and maintenance of deep-water platform structures, including cleaning, inspection, and repair, has become a key factor for ensuring long-term safe operation. Currently, shallow-water platforms mainly rely on divers for operations. With increasing water depths, the use of underwater robots for inspection, maintenance and repair (IMR) has become an inevitable trend. Nevertheless, traditional remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are expensive and difficult to operate because of their sizes. This paper mainly summarizes novel underwater IMR robots for marine engineering applications developed in the past decade, reviews domestic and international status of underwater maintenance robots, and discuses some typical case studies. Finally, common key technical issues of new robots and the trend for intelligent technology development in underwater maintenance robots are addressed .

With more than twenty years of development, China has become a world leader in the core technologies and industrialization of new energy vehicle（NEV） industry. Therefore, it is a great concern to China to ensure the sustainable development of new energy vehicles (NEVs) for the next ten years. This research aims to explore and uncover the laws of certainty from the uncertainty of NEV market, and to analyze and predict the cyclical and structural trend of NEVs' development over the next ten years in China. The main conclusions are as follows: From now to 2026, the market penetration of the NEV will continue to maintain a rapid growth. The new energy revolution, with NEVs, lithium batteries and photovoltaic cells as its three emerging pillars, will make a breakthrough. By 2030, NEVs will achieve profitability. Based on the development of NEVs, the development of new energy will turn into a new energy revolution. By 2035, the priorities of NEVs and the new energy revolution will change from the technological innovation into social concepts and business models reforms. The paper also discussed the possible challenges, including intensified internal competition, overcapacity, market fluctuations and increased uncertainty, which may impede China's NEVs to enter a new level of development, Meanwhile, it proposed feasible solutions to respond to these challenges and risks.

The frequency and types of new pollutants detected in rivers and lakes are increasing, including persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors, antibiotics, microplastics and other new pollutants. Management of new pollutants has become one of the priorities of ecological environmental protection. Compared with traditional pollutants, new pollutants pose potential risks to the safety of river and lake ecosystems and the health of drinking water. China's new pollutant management started late in general, facing fewer technological monitoring means, the bottom of pollutants being unclear, lacking of better related prevention and control regulations etc. In this paper, the development of policies and action plans for new pollutants are sorted out, the characteristics and ecological risks of new pollutants in rivers and lakes are analyzed, the research progress on new pollutant prevention and control technologies in rivers and lakes is summarized, and new pollutant prevention and control strategies for rivers and lakes and methods for evaluating the effects of health risks are proposed, so as to provide a reference for the prevention and control strategies of new pollutants in rivers and lakes.

Deng Jiaxian was the main organizer and leader of China's nuclear weapons development, as well as one of the main leaders responsible for the 28 year theoretical design of atomic and hydrogen bombs under the guise of anonymity. This article summarizes the connotation of Deng Jiaxian's spirit as a scientist from six aspects: patriotism, innovation, pragmatism, dedication, collaboration, and education, revealing its important contemporary value. Deng Jiaxian devoted himself to the nuclear weapons industry with profound national sentiment, persistent pursuit of scientific cause, outstanding strategic vision, and innovative spirit, these are exemplary examples for science and technology workers in the new era to learn from.