This paper focuses on the latest progress of oil generation, storage, production and engineering transformation of Gulong shale oil in Songliao Basin and holds that the high oil generation and low hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of Gulong shale provides important material basis for oil production. The micro-nano pore and fracture combination system widely developed in Gulong shale provides the spatial basis for shale oil reservoir. In terms of engineering transformation, engineering technologies such as increasing the proportion of guanidine adhesive fracturing fluid, using silt slug to plug micro-fractures near the well, reducing the number of clusters in the section, increasing the construction displacement, and using stress interference in a positive way are proposed to realize the joint network concept of "controlling near and expanding far" and improve the scale and degree of transformation. By quantifying the process and sequence of energy release through hydraulic elastic flooding, rock and fluid elastic flooding, and dissolved gas flooding, reasonable control of pressure and orderly release of elastic energy can be achieved to control the decline of volume development. Although the revolutionary transformation of continental facies shale oil from "oil generation" to "oil production" still faces major challenges in theoretical mechanism, the engineering technologies and benefit development, continental facies shale oilin a huge scale is one of the important goals to ensure national energy security in the future.

This paper summarizes the recent progress of global nuclear energy science and technology, focusing on nuclear fission and fusion, coupling utilization of nuclear energy and other energies, frontier technology of nuclear energy informatization and nuclear waste treatment. The global research and development of nuclear energy is developing steadily. Nuclear power technology will gradually realize the development from the second generation to the third generation. Small reactors have good applications in the sea, land and air. The progress of nuclear fusion technology has been introduced, including high temperature superconducting fusion, laser ignition inertial confinement fusion, Tokamak fusion device, International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor. The coupling utilization of nuclear energy and other energies such as hydrogen energy and solar energy, provides a new solution for the development of renewable energies and the realization of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. High-precision multi-physical field coupling analysis and calculation, digital twin technology, informatization and database construction are important directions for sustainable development of nuclear energy in the future. The latest advances in radioactive waste treatment and disposal technologies have been summarized, including the reduction and solidification of low- and medium-level radioactive waste, radionuclide removal and vitrification of high-level radioactive waste, and treatment and disposal of spent fuel. The overall situation shows that nuclear energy is still an important part of the global energy structure.

The progressive intensification of the population aging trend has rendered proactive engagement with this challenge exceedingly imperative. Aging denotes the organ function decline over time, the process of which is closely related to the occurrence of a variety of chronic diseases. To reveal the biological basis of aging and develop effective intervention measures has become an important and urgent issue facing the biomedical community. In this paper, the core issues of aging research were discussed, and the construction of aging model, mechanism exploration, quantification of aging degrees and implementation of intervention strategies were reviewed. The following suggestions are made: a diversified and systematic research system should be adopted in the research of aging; the aging mechanism is interpreted through the thinking combining reductionism and holistic view; a universal, reliable and highly sensitive detection system should be explored, and accurate and efficient aging intervention strategies should be developed to address the challenges posed by population aging.

The emergence of intelligent research paradigm has begun to have a huge impact and influence on all walks of life.This paper summarizes the understanding and experience of the connotation, nature, characteristics and development trend of scientific research paradigm, introduces five types of scientific research paradigms : experimental paradigm, theoretical paradigm, computer paradigm, data science paradigm and intelligent scientific research paradigm, analyzes the key bottleneck problems in the development of traditional Chinese medicine.It points out that the five major scientific research paradigms, simple and complex paradigm, information science and material science research paradigm, as well as the research ideas and achievements of scientific research paradigm in medical field have provided rich and solid support for the emergence and formation of new paradigm of traditional Chinese medicine.It proposes ideas and methods to promote the high-quality and efficient development of traditional Chinese medicine through paradigm transformation.

The discovery of bilayer nickelate superconductor La₃Ni₂O₇ under high pressure has attracted worldwide attention, in which theoretical research plays a vital role. So far, theoretical calculations show that the two e_g Ni 3d_x2-y2 and 3d_z2 orbitals in La₃Ni₂O₇ are crucial to the formation of superconductivity, while the O₂ p orbital also appears on the Fermi surface. Multi-orbital models have been proposed based on the above analysis. Various calculations show that La₃Ni₂O₇ has a s^± wave pairing symmetry although other pairing symmetries can be obtained. Theoretical calculations shows that the superconducting mechanism is unconventional and closely related to antiferromagnetic fluctuation. The vacancy of apical oxygen has a significant impact on the occurrence of superconductivity. The discovery of trilayer nickelate superconductor La₄Ni₃O₁₀ under pressure has further enriched the family of nickelate superconductors. And its electronic band structure, multi-orbital model, superconducting pairing symmetry and so on have been investigated and explored theoretically.

The Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry were awarded to scholars who conducted researches related to artificial intelligence, which sparked heated discussions and debates in the scientific community. The unexpectedness of the Nobel Prize award is not a "sadness" in the physics community but rather awakens people's attention to the unexpected development and widespread penetration of artificial intelligence. The "complexity challenge" forces AI and all traditional sciences to come together, and we should pay more attention to interdisciplinary research. This award may leave a mark in the history of technological development, and our descendants will remember these great scientists who have made significant contributions to the human race's march towards the age of intelligence.

Membrane separation technology, the mainstream of lithium extraction from salt lake brine in China, has a great strategic significance for the development of lithium resources and new energy in China. Based on the research results published in top international journals in 2023, this paper reviews the important studies of lithium extraction from salt lake brine by membrane method from the aspects of membrane modification, process parameter optimization, and multiple membrane processes, and provides a reference for the latest developments in the field. Membrane modification research mainly focuses on enhancing the electropositivity and permeability of the membrane, which aims to overcome the trade-off effect. The optimization of process parameters, which is conducive to the separation potential of high-performance membranes, requires further in-depth research. Being capable of realizing ultra-high purity Li⁺ enrichment, the multistage membrane coupling process is an important way for membrane lithium extraction from saline lakes towards industrial application.

Distinguished engineers are an important component of the national strategic talent force, which is of great significance for accelerating sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening at higher levels and building a world scientific and technological powerhouse. Based on the analysis of the first National Engineer Award winners, this paper conducts a portrait analysis of the characteristics, abilities, and growth paths of the group to explore the common growth patterns of the engineer community. It is found that advanced engineering technical knowledge and skills are prerequisite for outstanding engineers, exploring and solving practical engineering technical problems are their mission, scientific research and innovation capabilities are their foundation, and they are driven by national needs and the industrial development. Their growths stem from full career development learning, collaborative research of task teams, and dedicated research towards breakthroughs in key technology areas. Based on these findings this paper deeply analyzes the problems existing in the current training of outstanding engineers in China and proposes some suggestions.

European Space Agency decides to develop the space weather mission Vigil as its first dedicated operational satellite in the Space Safety Program, which is a milestone in the field of global space weather research, forecast and services. This paper describes the unique advantages of Vigil mission in monitoring and forecasting space weather at the L5 point of the Sun-Earth system, and briefly addresses its objective and payload. Its long formulation process and future implementation plan are reviewed, as well as the active participation of the United States in the mission. It is pointed out that China must pay more attentions to the negative impacts of space weather on economic and social development and space security, and actively promote the development of an independent national space weather space-based monitoring system.

China's food security governance has been evolving in line with the goal of food security. At present, a food production pattern with new type of agricultural operating entities as its core and green production as the means has been gradually formed. Adapting to the changing governance goals through self-innovation, with an increasing number of participating entities and a growing diversity of governance tools, China's grain security governance system can effectively ensure food security. However, to realize the modernization of the food security governance system and capacity, a series of challenges need to be addressed, including the bottleneck of food production due to resource constraints, continuous impact on food security by climate change and international environment, low comparative benefits of food production, the abandonment of cultivated land, persistent non-grain production or non-agricultural use of cultivated land, and lagged application and promotion of agricultural technology. It is necessary to develop smart agriculture to improve resource utilization efficiency, strengthen infrastructure construction to mitigate the impacts of climate change, advance the international cooperation to alleviate pressure on the food system, promote high-standard farmland to improve land productivity, and optimize the agricultural technology promotion system to enhance technological efficiency.

In the 21st century, the application of hydrogen energy and development of hydrogen energy industry have received extensive attention from the society. From the history of the Earth formation and geophysical data, the Earth's interior is a hydrogen energy reservoir. Data from Continental Science drilling suggest that large earthquakes may generate seismic waves that surround the globe and move fracture zones in the Earth's crust and mantle to release gas from the Earth's interior. After earthquakes, the Earth can release gases such as hydrogen, helium and methane, which will rush up through the mantle fracture zones to the upper crust. If there are rock layers with low permeability in the upper crust covering the upwelling gas, they may become a hydrogen energy reservoir in the deep crystalline rock. In China, there may be such deep hydrogen energy storage in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which deserves further study.

This paper reviews the major optical advances in 2023 by retrospecting progresses made in the fields of optical technology research, such as photophysics, optical material and structures, bio-medical optics, light-matter interaction, optoelectronics, optical design and instrumentation, optical information processing, light source and high field laser, interdisciplinary photonics, visual color, terahertz optics. It may have a great impact on human existence and life style in the future.

The deployment of semi-submersible production and storage oil platform "Deepsea No.1" signifies a significant leap in China's ability to develop deep-water oil and gas fields and to construct deep-water ocean engineering equipment. However, due to prolonged offshore operations, deep-water oil and gas platforms face environmental challenges such as corrosion from seawater, marine organism attachment, wind and wave flow. As a result, the development of underwater operation and maintenance of deep-water platform structures, including cleaning, inspection, and repair, has become a key factor for ensuring long-term safe operation. Currently, shallow-water platforms mainly rely on divers for operations. With increasing water depths, the use of underwater robots for inspection, maintenance and repair (IMR) has become an inevitable trend. Nevertheless, traditional remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are expensive and difficult to operate because of their sizes. This paper mainly summarizes novel underwater IMR robots for marine engineering applications developed in the past decade, reviews domestic and international status of underwater maintenance robots, and discuses some typical case studies. Finally, common key technical issues of new robots and the trend for intelligent technology development in underwater maintenance robots are addressed .

With more than twenty years of development, China has become a world leader in the core technologies and industrialization of new energy vehicle（NEV） industry. Therefore, it is a great concern to China to ensure the sustainable development of new energy vehicles (NEVs) for the next ten years. This research aims to explore and uncover the laws of certainty from the uncertainty of NEV market, and to analyze and predict the cyclical and structural trend of NEVs' development over the next ten years in China. The main conclusions are as follows: From now to 2026, the market penetration of the NEV will continue to maintain a rapid growth. The new energy revolution, with NEVs, lithium batteries and photovoltaic cells as its three emerging pillars, will make a breakthrough. By 2030, NEVs will achieve profitability. Based on the development of NEVs, the development of new energy will turn into a new energy revolution. By 2035, the priorities of NEVs and the new energy revolution will change from the technological innovation into social concepts and business models reforms. The paper also discussed the possible challenges, including intensified internal competition, overcapacity, market fluctuations and increased uncertainty, which may impede China's NEVs to enter a new level of development, Meanwhile, it proposed feasible solutions to respond to these challenges and risks.

The frequency and types of new pollutants detected in rivers and lakes are increasing, including persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors, antibiotics, microplastics and other new pollutants. Management of new pollutants has become one of the priorities of ecological environmental protection. Compared with traditional pollutants, new pollutants pose potential risks to the safety of river and lake ecosystems and the health of drinking water. China's new pollutant management started late in general, facing fewer technological monitoring means, the bottom of pollutants being unclear, lacking of better related prevention and control regulations etc. In this paper, the development of policies and action plans for new pollutants are sorted out, the characteristics and ecological risks of new pollutants in rivers and lakes are analyzed, the research progress on new pollutant prevention and control technologies in rivers and lakes is summarized, and new pollutant prevention and control strategies for rivers and lakes and methods for evaluating the effects of health risks are proposed, so as to provide a reference for the prevention and control strategies of new pollutants in rivers and lakes.

Deng Jiaxian was the main organizer and leader of China's nuclear weapons development, as well as one of the main leaders responsible for the 28 year theoretical design of atomic and hydrogen bombs under the guise of anonymity. This article summarizes the connotation of Deng Jiaxian's spirit as a scientist from six aspects: patriotism, innovation, pragmatism, dedication, collaboration, and education, revealing its important contemporary value. Deng Jiaxian devoted himself to the nuclear weapons industry with profound national sentiment, persistent pursuit of scientific cause, outstanding strategic vision, and innovative spirit, these are exemplary examples for science and technology workers in the new era to learn from.

The smart grid integrates network and information technologies with the grid to enhance the reliability, security, and efficiency of the power system. However, in a highly digitalized and interconnected environment, the smart grid faces increasingly complex and variable network security risks. This paper outlines the concept and architecture of the smart grid, indicating that its biggest difference from the traditional grid is bidirectional interactivity. Then, the security vulnerabilities and cyber attacks are summarized in terms of three categories, namely confidentiality attacks, integrity attacks, and availability attacks. Then, new strategies for enhancing the network security of smart grid, such as machine learning, blockchain, quantum computing are reviewed. Machine learning algorithms can improve the accuracy and sensitivity of power grid fault detection and attack identification. Blockchain technology provides solutions for identity verification, data security, and privacy protection through its decentralized and tamper-resistant features. Quantum computing has significant application potential in power grid fault diagnosis and data transmission security. Finally, the major challenges and future research directions are prsented.

As a broadly interdisciplinary field, Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) has become a significant driving force in advancing the development of the information age and bringing computing technologies to the public for everyone to use. This article reviews key topics in the field of HCI until now, and it also explores the evolutionary path of ideas behind the technologies, presenting a more macroscopic philosophical understanding of human-computer relationship and future innovation in the human context. The article is divided into four parts: (1) It briefly describes the position and contributions of HCI; (2) It analyzes the evolution of current technological phenomena from the history of HCI; (3) By understanding the antibiosis issues between humans and computers, the article also applies“Human-Engaged Computing”theory to a discussion about the ideal relationship between humans and technology; (4) Based on the above, we also present suggestions for future development from five aspects: academic thought, research and education, societal impacts, information dissemination, and technology design.

Carbon neutrality is a strategic task at the stage of China's green development, and the driving policy is an important hand to realize the vision of carbon neutrality. Under the framework of green development, the article reviews the development process and research hotspots of carbon neutrality in China from the perspectives of policy system and academic research, and explores the path of institutional and policy innovation to realize the vision of carbon neutrality. It is necessary to promote the coordination of carbon neutral policies from a higher position, study core technologies and emission reduction paths in response to climate change with a broader perspective, guide the financial support for carbon neutral green development in a more flexible way, and strengthen the capacity building of green development toward the goal of carbon neutrality.

General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping has expounded profoundly on Chinese path to modernization, providing a fundamental guidance for the comprehensive implementation of the spirit of the 20th CPC National Congress. The report of the 20th CPC National Congress requires clearly that we should move faster to boost China's strength in aerospace. This paper recalls briefly the development of China's aerospace industry since 1950s, especially the great technology achievements and important original breakthroughs in the new decade, outlines the roadmap of the Chinese path to space modernization, and summarizes seven main characteristics of China's space science and technology modernization. The advanced space science & technology has become one of the core indicators for measuring national science and technology and national defense strength in today's world.

科学的飞速发展和文化的缓慢变化发生了矛盾。百年来，中国对传统文化的主流观点曾经出现多次反复，至今缺乏系统的反思，成为当前学术界发挥科学创新潜力的一大障碍。本文从历史回顾和中外比较入手，提出当现代科学在欧洲产生时，中国曾坐失参与的良机；当试图引入西方科技时，又因为方向错误遭受失败，结果使得科学成为西方的特色和东方的弱点。东西方差异的根源在于大陆文明和海洋文明的不同属性，可以上溯到2000多年前古希腊和春秋列国的2大源头。当今世界上这2大文明的经济基础正在消失，新时代的科技发展必将产生新型的全球文明。呼吁从历史反思入手，重新认识中国传统文化，争当国际学术界铸造全球新文明的排头兵。

Facing the national needs, the author reviews the new research trends of strategic critical minerals at home and abroad, summarizes the current situation and existing problems in exploration and development of strategic critical minerals, and analyzes the resource potential of strategic critical minerals. On this basis, the author puts forward some proposals for the new round of prospecting and management of strategic critical minerals in China, which the author believes are of great strategic significance for ensuring the development of domestic strategic emerging industries and national security.

The world's energy utilization has entered a new sustainable pathway which is "clean,low-carbon and renewable".The United States tries to take the lead in developing a sustainable energy structure in order to ensure its global leadership in clean energy manufacturing and technological innovation,and ensure and achieve its national energy security and stable supply.Researches show that the total energy consumption in the US is gradually returning to pre-pandemic level and the energy efficiency is improving gradually.The transformation of the energy structure has caused the US greenhouse gas emissions to peak and continue to decline to pre-2000 levels.The carbon emissions of the power industry and the transportation industry have dropped dramatically,even with some up-going.The cost of sustainable energy generation in the United States is lower than that of other countries in the world.The improvement of the sustainable energy utilization level in the United States is guaranteed by a series of policies,regulations,financial investments and economic market measures.The U.S.government's carbon reduction initiatives and state energy efficiency guidelines guarantee the improvements in energy efficiency.The government promotes the energy transition,the investment in clean energy,and the clean energy and energy tax credits.The sustainable energy market will flourish through increased investment in natural gas,the electrification of the transportation sector and the revision of vehicle fuel economy standards.Sustainable utilization status of the United States energy shows the energy transformation direction led by "the cleanness of the energy utilization process,the low-carbon property of the utilized energy types,and the renewability of energy access way" will become the energy sustainable development trend,and the global sustainable energy technology innovation will become the position of key technology development and competition.Various difficulties in the process of international energy transition show that the bases for global cooperation in the areas of sustainable energy are numerous and extensive.The United States and China face similar situations and challenges in the energy structure and energy transition,but there are also differences.China's energy transformation will face an important technological no-man's land.We should fully understand the long-term nature,complexity and arduousness of the energy transformation from a strategic perspective,deeply strengthen the research on the basic,original and disruptive technologies of China's energy green and low carbon transformation,and promote China's energy green and low carbon safe transformation.

This paper provides an overview of the current development status of hydrogen energy highway transportation, rail transit, shipbuilding, and aviation in China. It analyzes the comprehensive performance of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in China and points out that the challenges faced by Chinese hydrogen energy vehicles are mainly high costs of vehicles and fuel and insufficient refueling infrastructure. However, as China steps into the middle and late stage of urbanization, heavy-load transportation and special transportation with fixed routes provide opportunities for the development of hydrogen vehicles, and family passenger vehicles will become an important direction. Hydrogen energy rail transit will also play a role in areas where electrification is difficult. Ships and aircraft powered by hydrogen compounds will become the focus of shipbuilding and aviation industries. In the future, hydrogen energy transportation should improve planning, promote technological integration and innovation, develop new hydrogen energy transportation travel modes, build a sound policy system, and adopt carbon market mechanism to achieve a new leap.

DARPA, as an incubator of disruptive technologies, plays an important role in the scientific and technological innovation of the US military. The research on DARPA RDT&E budget can provide an important basis for understanding the development direction and trend of US defense technology. This paper explored frontier technology innovations of the US military by analyzing the budgets from FY 2014 to FY 2023. The results show that (1) the focus of the budget has shifted from basic research to advanced technology development, (2) the budget shows a trend of continuously arranging frontier technologies, promoting the demonstration and verification of new technologies, and helping the construction of the "mosaic warfare", and (3) microelectronics, artificial intelligence, communication and network, and biotechnology have been the key research areas of DARPA in the past two years.

For the event sponsored by Science & Technology Review to select Chinese annual top advances in science,technology and engineering, altogether top 10 scientific, top 10 technological and top 10 engineering achievements during Jan.1 to Dec.31 of 2023 have been selected from respective published influential academic journals and scientific newspapers. The selection procedure involved screening and recommending candidates internally, followed by appraisal of experts including editorial board members and external reviewers. This article introduces these achievements in chronological sequence.

The deep integration of transportation and land use as a development model has emerged as a critical factor in achieving high-quality urban development in China. This paper initially reviews the origins of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) and examines its unique Chinese connotations, and summarizes the progression of integrated development from the initial stage, the research promotion stage, the rapid advancement stage to the beginning of entering a new stage of high-quality integrated development. Based on this foundation, the paper investigates the interplay between TOD and future urban and transportation landscapes, identifies the primary challenges and impediments to advancing TOD in China, and offers a set of recommendations for bolstering comprehensive efforts to promote TOD development.

Respiratory virus infections are common and frequently occurring diseases caused by multiple viruses and have apparent similarities in epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical medicine. Nutrition and exercise are effective measures for preventing and treating respiratory virus infections, but there are no universally applicable nutritional and exercise recommendations for the infections yet. Based on a large number of studies on nutrition and exercise measures for COVID-19, as well as the expert consensus, the guidelines of authoritative professional institutions, and the systematic reviews with high hierarchy of evidence in relevant areas, this paper puts forward universal dietary nutrition and exercise recommendations for respiratory virus infection according to the extent of the infections. The proposed recommendations include nutritional and exercise strategies in the prevention stage and the disease stage (divided into mild and severe conditions) and can be used as a reference guideline for relevant professionals and patients according to different situations.

Carbon neutrality is a global consensus for climate change mitigation and adaptation and an important strategic choice for sustainable economic and social development. Achieving carbon neutrality is arduous and time-critical, and carbon emission reduction and carbon sequestration initiatives must be systematically implemented in critical areas. Based on the current situation and characteristics of China's carbon imbalance, we summarize and propose a pathway framework for moving toward carbon neutrality, discuss the specific implementation pathways for carbon emission reduction in energy systems and carbon sink enhancement in ecosystems, and point out that we should strengthen research on the synergistic relationship between emission reduction and sink enhancement and socio-economic development under climate change, aiming to help China achieve the goal of carbon neutrality scientifically and steadily.

This paper retrospects the high-altitude full pressure suit in early technical validation, describes the development and evolution characteristics of the high-altitude flight full pressure suit, and summarizes the structure realization forms. Besides, the critical technical problems, i.e., low-pressure protection, thermal protection and operational ergonomics in the design process of the high-altitude full-pressure suit, are analyzed. Finally, the development of full pressure suit is prospected. It is considered that the manufacturing technique, advanced materials and new suits structure should be further studied in the future, and a standardized, lightweight, flexible and comfortable high-altitude full pressure suit should be designed.

In order to better play the role of agricultural engineering in ensuring food security, this article analyzes the different contributions of various branches of agricultural engineering, and proposes key directions for the development of agricultural engineering in China according to the constraints of resources, environment, and ecology faced by food production in China. The contributions of various branches of agricultural engineering in ensuring food security are as follows: agricultural mechanization improves labor production efficiency and ensures the planting area of grain; agricultural soil and water engineering ensures the safety of soil and water resources; land consolidation engineering ensures the quantity and quality of cultivated land; agricultural biological environmental engineering implements intensive production without competing with grain for land; rural energy and environmental engineering reduces environmental pollution; agricultural product processing engineering reduces grain loss and seed processing increases grain production. The key development directions of agricultural engineering technology are as follows： playing a comprehensive and collaborative role in promoting the construction of high standard farmland, improving the level of agricultural mechanization and informatization, improving agricultural product processing technology, promoting seed industry engineering, developing ecological agricultural engineering, and improving farmland infrastructure construction. Food security is a comprehensive project, and the coordinated implementation of agricultural engineering technology can provide technical support and necessary guarantees for China's food security.

Deep space exploration embodies comprehensive national power and has become the commanding height of science and technology competition among the world's space powers. Deep space resource utilization is the key frontier of international deep space exploration,in which the utilization of matter resources is of great significance for humanity's space expansion. This paper introduces the connotation of deep space resource and summarizes the significance of its utilization. Focusing on matter resources, this paper investigates the state-of-the-art research on the volatile extraction and utilization, atmospheric resource utilization, mineral resource extraction and refining, and in-situ manufacturing and construction on planetary surfaces. Finally,this paper offers an outlook for the trends in utilization deep space matter resources, paving the way for the future research in deep space exploration.

Cancer is one of the major health challenges worldwide. It is in urgent need to develop new technologies, new medicine, and new strategies to prevent and treat cancer. Cancer research is one key area in today’s global scientific competition. Importantly, basic research holds the key for successful cancer prevention and treatment. It is the major reason why we are behind the world-class level in developing novel cancer targets and drugs. In order to promote cancer prevention and treatment in the new era, we should pay special attention to cancer basic research. High-level cancer basic research could be supported through stable financial funding, wise project setting, improved industry-university-research cooperation mechanisms, and effective international cooperation.

Large-scale scientific facilities are important equipment for scientific and technological innovations. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC，construction of large-scale scientific facilities in China has been steadily advanced and many achievements have been acquired. The article reviews the construction and development process of large-scale scientific facilities since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, then analyzes the problems existing in the development of large-scale scientific facilities. Finally, some suggestions are put forward from the aspects of funding investment, solving key technology and strengthening international cooperation for realizing sci-tech self-reliance and self-improvement.

The urban and rural energy supply system refers to the supply system that provides electricity supply, heat supply and fuel supply for buildings and industrial production. Urban and rural energy supply system includes the transmission and distribution system, intermediate transition system, and consumption and regulation of end-users. Carbon neutrality targets will revolutionize this system. This paper systematically discusses the structure, characteristics and regulation of the new electricity system and heating supply systems towards China’s zero-carbon target, as well as the direction of the fuel system. This paper discusses the tasks that need to be accomplished in each period to achieve zero carbon goal in three timeframes, and gives a pathway to a zero carbon energy supply system.

W boson is the elementary bosonic particle mediating the weak force and its mass is originated from electroweak symmetry breaking. Precision measurements of W boson mass provide a self-consistence check of the standard model theory and could hint at new particles or other mysteries of physics yet to be discovered. The Fermilab CDF group published the most precise result on W boson mass and found that this new measurement disagreed with the standard model's expectation by 7 sigma on the statistical significance. This finding would possibly challenge the current understanding of the standard model of particle physics.

As a crystallization of ancient Chinese science, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has gradually entered the mainstream international medical system. Chinese and Western medicine have different scientific paradigms. Western medicine is rooted in a simplistic paradigm based on material science, while TCM follows a complex paradigm based on information science. TCM is guided by the principle of "efficacy" and operates under the concepts of "harmony between man and nature" and "harmony between man and virtue". It places the human body's information system at the core and establishes close connections between the doctor and patient, human health and the natural environment, intervention measures, as well as temporal and spatial factors. Through methods such as "syndrome differentiation and treatment", TCM achieves the transformation of information and ultimately aims to maintain health, alleviate ailments, and promote longevity. With the rise of technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence, TCM, characterized by "information science", will further achieve high-quality development and ultimately realize the modernization of TCM.

The International Space Station (ISS) continued to play its important role as an on-orbit scientific research and application platform. Comprehensive statistics and text analysis of the ISS experiments databases of the United States and Russia and annual highlights of results report showed the following findings. For the Expedition 66-67 from October 2021 to September 2022, NASA, Roscosmos, ESA, JAXA and CSA sponsored 360 experiments in six categories, including technology development and demonstration, biology and biotechnology, physical science, human research, educational and cultural activities, and earth and space science, of which new experiments accounted for more than 40%. At the same time, new scientific achievements, such as teleoperation by ISS crew to control robotic components on earth, creation and measurements of bubbles of ultracold atoms on-orbit, and observation of a magnetar, attracted widespread attention from the global science community. By focusing on representative new experiments and achievements this review comprehensively reflects the progress in the scientific research and application of ISS in this period, the progress of scientific research and application is comprehensively reflected. ISS is at the peak of scientific research and application output, with highly active research activities and continuous emergence of scientific achievements. In the future, it is expected to produce more new achievements to benefit space and Earth.

As a non-carbon clean energy, geothermal energy plays an important role in promoting the development goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality due to its advantages of stable and continuous supply. The utilization of geothermal energy is generally divided into geothermal power generation, geothermal direct utilization and geothermal energy storage. Since 2010, global geothermal direct utilization has grown exponentially, with the installed capacity of geothermal direct utilization and annual heat utilization of about 108 GWt and 283,580 GWh, respectively. China has long ranked first in the world in terms of geothermal direct utilization. The geothermal heat pump system shows an exponential growth of about 16% every year, and the geothermal heat pump system accounts for about 72% and 60% of the installed capacity and heat utilization of the global direct utilization of geothermal heat, respectively. The average annual growth rate of geothermal power generation from 2010 to 2020 is about 4% restricted by high-temperature geothermal resources. Geothermal energy storage is the frontier field of geothermal utilization. Europe and the United States have deployed the "HEATSTORE" and "Geothermal Battery" energy storage projects respectively. The geothermal energy storage project deployed by the Geothermal Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has also entered the stage of key technology research and demonstration projects construction. As a huge natural energy storage, geothermal storage is the most suitable basis for storing energy and realizing a stable supply of thermal energy in a multi-energy complementary system. It can save other energy sources across seasons, realize efficient and large-scale energy storage across seasons, and improve energy utilization efficiency. Therefore, it can help achieve the development goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

Quality 4.0 is an emerging quality management concept, which has been increasingly appreciated due to intensification of competition, continually changing customer requirements, and technological evolution. It deals with aligning the practices of quality management with the emergent capabilities of Industry 4.0 to improve cost, time and efficiency as well as increase product quality. As the future of quality, Quality 4.0 has become a potential choice for enterprises and has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In the literature, many studies have been conducted to investigate Quality 4.0 from different perspectives. They provide valuable insights and interesting research suggestions concerning Quality 4.0. However, the current researches on Quality 4.0 are insufficient in terms of basic concept, architecture design and key technologies. Therefore, this paper tries to improve the concept of Quality 4.0 by clarifying the definition, features and goals of Quality 4.0 based on a comprehensive review of current researches and practices. Then, a basic architecture of Quality 4.0 is presented by including physical layer, edge layer, analysis layer and decision layer. Besides, eight key technologies, i. e., industrial big data, digital twins, machine learning, machine vision, visualization technology, optimization techniques, connect technology, and collaborative technology, are identified to support the implementation of Quality 4.0. Finally, the problems of Quality 4.0 implementation in the Chinese manufacturing industry and the possible solutions to address them are discussed.