This article reviews the functional effects of probiotic supplements on human immune system, the molecular biological mechanisms, and the regulatory effects on relative diseases. Probiotics not only constitute an important part of the local immune system of the intestine but also play a two-way immune regulation role in other systems. probiotic supplements can activate the innate immune system of the human body, improving the activity of phagocyte, natural killer cell and other innate immune cells, which can correct intestinal flora imbalance, prevent digestive tract infection and inflammation caused by virus infection, tumor chemotherapy and radiotherapy, improve the body's immunity to influenza and other upper respiratory tract infections, as well as improve the body's anti-tumor immunity; Probiotic supplements can also negatively regulate the specific immune system through activating regulatory T cells, which plays a certain supportive therapeutic role in treating allergic diseases such as food intolerance and asthma, as well as autoimmune diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Krohn's disease.

Remote rehabilitation supervision is a new type of rehabilitation mode based on internet technology, and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a new rehabilitation technique for orthopedic diseases. This prospective clinical controlled study focuses on the post-operative patients with ankle joint trauma and aims to clarify the impact of remote rehabilitation supervision combined with ESWT on the postoperative functional recovery and prognosis. The indicators included the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, the American Foot and Ankle Association ankle posterior foot score (AOFAS) for ankle joint function, and the prognostic incidence of osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT). The patients' complication incidence during the remote rehabilitation was 43.4% (33/76), and the subsequent ESWT could significantly reduce VAS and increase AOFAS in those patients of complication group, while the incidences of VAS, AOFAS, and OLT did not have significantly differences between the complication group and control group (patients without rehabilitation complication) one year after surgery. It indicates that ESWT can significantly improve the pain and joint function, inhibit the occurrence of OLT, as well as enhance recovery of the patients with complications during the recovery period, ultimately making them reach the same rehabilitation outcome as the control group.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most common cause of death in cardiovascular diseases. AMI patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) always require the cardiac rehabilitation. Eight-section exercise is a traditional fitness exercise in China. This study uses objective assessment methods such as stress myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and aims to evaluate the impact of eight-section exercise on the myocardial blood perfusion, motor function, and quality of life in the AMI patients who underwent PCI. The indicators included the myocardial blood flow (MBF), abnormal rate of ventricular wall motion, 6-minute walking test (6MWT) distance, and Croog quality of life score. At the time of 1y rehabilitation after PCI, the patients' subendocardial MBF, 6MWT distance, as well as the sleep and sexual function, conscious health status, mood, and daily life sub items of Croog score were significantly higher than before, while the abnormal rate of ventricular wall motion was significantly lower than before. It indicates that eight-section exercise can significantly improve the myocardial blood perfusion, ventricular wall motion, and cardiopulmonary function in AMI patients after PCI. Moreover, it not only improves the prognostic physical health and daily living ability but also has the effects of emotion regulation and sleep.

Upper crossed syndrome (UCS) is extremely common in groups such as desk workers, mainly manifested as head forward posture, neck pain, and muscle stiffness. This study focuses on UCS patients and utilizes real-time tissue elastography (RTE) technique to assess the recovery of cervical muscle function before and after rehabilitation treatment. The aim is to clarify the potential mechanism of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for treating UCS neck pain. The indexes included the strain ratio (SR) of the Splenius capitis and the upper Trapezius, visual analogue scale (VAS) for cervical pain, neck disability index (NDI), and range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine. After ESWT, the patients' SR of Splenius capitis and upper Trapezius, VAS, and NDI were significantly lower than before, while the cervical flexion-extension ROM was significantly higher than before. Correlation analysis suggested that ESWT could reduce the pain level and improve the cervical ROM in UCS patients by relieving the muscular stiffness of Splenius capitis and upper Trapezius, thereby improving the overall function of the cervical spine.

Osteoporosis (OP) is common in the elderly population and can easily lead to brittle fractures. The bone formation and bone resorption processes of high bone turnover OP are both active, making treatment difficult and lacking effective treatment methods to improve bone density (BMD). This study focuses on patients with high bone turnover type OP and aims to identify independent prognostic factors through rehabilitation assessment and follow-up studies before treatment. The indicators include BMD, serum ferritin level, standing sit test (CRT) time for lower limb muscle strength, Berg balance function scale (BBS) score, etc. The results show that for every 1 unit increase in serum ferritin, the risk of brittle fracture is increased by 5.3%. For every 1 second extension of CRT, the risk of brittle fracture is increased by 4.12 times. The higher the patient's ferritin level and the longer the CRT, the lower the prognosis of BMD. However, for every 1 point increase in BBS, the risk of brittle fracture is decreased by 15.8%. The iron storage level, lower limb muscle strength, and balance ability are mutually independent factors that affect the prognosis of high bone turnover type OP.

Surgical strategy should be planned with a balance of safety, functional recovery, and prognosis for the elderly patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). This study compares two minimal-invasive techniques for treating elderly LDH patients, i. e., the minimal-invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) and spinal endoscopy radiofrequency ablation (RF) in terms of safety, postoperative functional recovery, and prognosis quality, aiming to evaluate the application value of RF in postoperative rehabilitation and functional prognosis for elderly patients. The peri-operative parameters are used as the safety indicators, the rates of limited lumbar range of motion, recurring low back pain (LBP) at postoperative 1y are used to evaluate the rehabilitation level, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score for the LDH related symptoms, as well as the Oswestry disability index (ODI) for quality of life are used as the prognosis indicators. The results show that the rate of perioperative complication, rate of limited lumbar range of motion, and prognostic ODI in the RF group are significantly lower than those in the MIS-TLIF group, while there are no significant differences in the rate of recurring LBP, VAS, and JOA score between the two groups. It indicates that the RF has the advantages of reducing perioperative complications, promoting postoperative recovery, and improving the prognostic quality of life for treating elderly patients with simple LDH.

Decreasing muscle strength is very common in the elderly population, leading to the risk of dislocation after hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to determine the effects of biomimetic artificial hip arthroplasty combined with the modified Hardinge approach on safety, functional rehabilitation, and prognostic activity of daily living (ADL) in the elderly patients with decreasing muscle strength. Indicators included the Lovett muscle strength grading of the hip joint, hip range of motion (ROM), Harris score of hip joint function, and Barthel ADL score for the prognosis. The results showed that there were no differences in hip ROMs between the affected side and contralateral side from the discharging day, to 3 months, to 6 months after surgery, that there were no differences in the Harris scores, muscle strengths, and Barthel ADL scores between the affected side and pre-injury/contralateral side from 3 to 6 months after surgery, and that all of the patients did not experience postoperative dislocation during the follow-up. It suggests that the biomimetic hip arthroplasty combined with the modified Hardinge approach has the effects of promoting early rehabilitation, ensuring normal ROM, while avoiding the postoperative dislocation in elderly patients with decreasing muscle strength, and that patients can restore the pre-injury hip function and ADL within 3 months in post-operation.

Postoperative complications, such as knee instability and limited range of motion (ROM), always happen during the rehabilitation period of posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture (PCLAF), making poor prognosis. Arthroscopic double row anchor suture bridge fixation is a new technology for PCLAF. This study aims to clarify the safety, efficacy, and functional prognosis of suture bridge fixation for treating acute PCLAF. The posterior drawer test (PDT) and posterior displacement distance were performed and measured to evaluate the stability of the knee joint, with other parameters including knee ROM, as well as IKDC, Lysholm scores, and rate of returning to sports for evaluating the prognosis. The results showed that the bone healing process was good at 3 months after surgery and the positive rate of PDT, degree of displacement, ROM, Lysholm, and IKDC scores were recovered well at both 1 and 1.5 years after surgery, without intergroup difference. However, the rate of returning to sports at 1.5 years after surgery was significantly higher than the rate at 1 year after surgery. The present study indicates that acute PCLAF patients can obtain good bone healing progress and smooth post-operative rehabilitation by arthroscopic suture bridge fixation, and that the joint function can be restored within 1 year after surgery and 76.5% of the patients can return to physical exercise in 1.5 years, suggesting a good prognosis.

Patients with malignant tumors are highly susceptible to adverse emotions and psychological disorders, which can affect their recurrence and prognosis. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that emotional illness is one of the causes of tumors and psychological rehabilitation is a key aspect that needs to be concerned in clinical work. This study compares the effects of conventional psychological intervention and traditional Chinese medicine comprehensive rehabilitation (Baduanjin, aromatherapy) combined with conventional psychological intervention on the emotions, sleep, mental health, and tumor immune function of patients with malignant tumors before and after hospitalization. The indicators include Montgomery depression scale (MADRS), self rating anxiety scale (SAS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), perceived social support scale (PSSS) score, peripheral blood CD4+, CD8+, CD4+CD25+T lymphocyte count, tumor necrosis factor- α（TNF- α）and interferon- γ（IFN- γ）level. The results show that the decreases in MADRS and CD4+CD25+T cell count at discharge in the comprehensive rehabilitation group are greater than thost in the control group, while the increases in SAS and PSQI are lower than those in the control group. The increase in PSSS is significantly greater than that in the control group, and the degree of reduction peripheral blood TNF- α is smaller than that of the control group. It is concluded that the comprehensive rehabilitation strategy of traditional Chinese medicine is beneficial for improving depression, anxiety, sleep quality, social support perception ability, and anti-tumor immune function in patients with malignant tumors.

Calcaneal fracture is one of the most common foot fractures, poor reduction may easily lead to long-term chronic foot pain and even affect daily life. Subtalar arthroscopy is a minimally invasive method for examination of subtalar joints, which has been widely used in the treatment of calcaneal fractures in recent years. At present, subtalar arthroscopy mainly includes three surgical approaches: lateral approach, posterior approach, and medial approach. At the same time, combined with tarsal sinus approach, percutaneous pry reduction and internal fixation, small incision approach, 3D printing technology, external fixator, osteotomy correction and subtalar arthrodesis, subtalar arthroscopy is more widely used. However, this technique has higher requirements for the operator. Improper operation is very likely to cause adverse reactions such as nerve injury and poor fracture healing. Therefore, this paper reviews the research reports on the application of subtalar arthroscopy in calcaneal fractures in terms of previous literature, historical development, surgical approaches, surgical methods, and postoperative complications in order to provide reference for clinical use of subtalar arthroscopy.

This study aims to explore the clinical safety and efficacy of Shenfu injection combined with western medicine in the treatment of septic shock at the level of evidence-based medicine. SinoMed, Embase, PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Shenfu injection in the treatment of septic shock, with key indicators being 28-day mortality, incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), length of ICU stay, blood lactate level and blood lactate clearance rate. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 15.0 software. A total of 43 RCTS were included. The results showed that the 28-day mortality rate (RR=0.82, 95%CI: 0.70 to 0.95) and the incidence rate of MODS (RR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.56 to 0.81), ICU length of stay (MD=-1.95, 95%CI: -2.61 to -1.30), blood lactate level at 6 hours after treatment (MD=-1.10, 95%CI: -1.47 to -0.72), and blood lactate level at 24 hours after treatment (MD=-0.87, 95%CI: -1.12 to -0.63) were all lower (P<0.001), compared with the control group (receiving conventional western medicine treatment), while the clearance rate of blood lactic acid at 24 hours after treatment in the Shenfu group (MD=9.79, 95%CI: 6.33 to 13.25) was higher. It is concluded that compared to conventional western medicine treatment, Shenfu injection can significantly reduce the 28-day mortality, the incidence of MODS, the length of ICU stay, the level of blood lactate 6 hours after treatment, the level of blood lactate 24 hours after treatment, improve the clearance rate of blood lactate 24 hours after treatment, and significantly improve the prognosis of patients with septic shock compared with conventional western medical therapy.

Renal stones are a common disease in urology. During the rehabilitation period of retrograde renal ureteroscopic surgery (RIRS), it is very important to focus on the postoperative eradication of the sediment like stones and related symptoms, such as pain and hematuria. Acupoint application is one of the classic methods for treating kidney stones in traditional Chinese medicine. This study aims to compare the effects between the routine rehabilitation and acupoint application in patients with kidney stones and evaluate the application value of acupoint application in the recovery period after RIRS. Indicators include the postoperative extubation time, stone clearance rate, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score of stone eradication, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), Croog score for prognosis quality of life, etc. The results showed that the stone extubation time, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score, and CRP of the acupoint application group were lower than those of the control group. The stone clearance rate and Croog score at 2 weeks after surgery were higher than those of the control group, indicating that using acupoint application during the postoperative recovery period of renal stone RIRS can accelerate the extubation process, improve the extubation-related symptoms, and promote the recovery of inflammation level and patient's prognostic function.

This study takes athletes as an example and aims to clarify the impact of comprehensive rehabilitation of traditional Chinese medicine on the cardiopulmonary function, exercise ability, sleep quality, and mood state during the recovery period of respiratory virus infection. The indicators include peripheral artery oxygen saturation (SaO₂), end expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure (ETCO₂), self rating anxiety scale (SAS), and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score. The results show that scraping combined with aromatherapy can significantly increase SaO₂ and ETCO₂ during 2-week rehabilitation, and there are no significant differences in SaO₂ and ETCO₂ between endurance training and resting state. The SAS and PSQI after rehabilitation are lower than before. The comprehensive rehabilitation of traditional Chinese medicine can improve the cardiopulmonary function, exercise ability, anxiety, and sleep quality during the recovery period of respiratory virus infection in young and middleaged/ physical active population.