Scientific and technological innovation is the key to simultaneously realizing the dual-carbon goal and high-quality economic and social development. Based on the supporting role of scientific and technological innovation in realization of the "dual carbon" goal, based on the practical needs of promoting the transformation from "dual control" of energy consumption to "dual control" of carbon emission, the paper discusses the carbon neutral scientific and technological actions and experiences of major developed countries and regions such as Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan and the European Union. Based on China's national conditions, the paper puts forward the action ideas of dual-carbon science and technology from the aspects of strengthening top-level design, transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, optimization of energy structure and carbon sequestration of ecosystems. To reduce the total energy consumption and improve carbon performance as the guidance, recommendations for China's scientific layout of dual-carbon science and technology innovation action policy during " 14th Five-Year Plan" period are put forward as well.

In the context of maintaining energy security and implementing low-carbon development, ensuring the power system reliability is becoming increasingly challenging. The interdependence between power industry and other sectors within the supply chain network exposes the entire economy to unpredictable higher-order economic impact resulting from power interruption. To explore the heterogeneous regional effects by improving power supply reliability in mitigating national economic losses, this study employs an agent-based complex network supply chain model to conduct an economic assessment of power supply reliability in China. Using a top-down approach, the study estimates the direct economic losses of production activities due to power interruption in China in 2018 and incorporates them as external shocks in the complex network model to simulate the higherorder indirect economic losses caused by power disruption in the supply chain network on a daily basis. By setting up 298 scenarios that reduce power outage duration in each region one by one, the study identifies 15 key regions for safeguarding power supply reliability. Enhancing the power supply reliability in these areas can result in an average reduction of indirect economic losses ranging from CNY 439 million to CNY 1.96 billion nationwide, representing a decrease of 0.39% to 1.76% compared to the baseline scenario. The findings of this research may provide guidance for relevant departments in identifying priority areas, assessing the value of power supply reliability, considering additional costs for power security maintenance, and formulating policy implications for the development of power security construction in different regions.

Combined with the characteristics of coal-related resource endowment, in this article a collaborative development and utilization concept of "safe and efficient, green and low-carbon, energy-saving and consumption reduction, exhaustion of mining, and turning waste into treasure" is proposed, the positioning of coal resources in the process of carbon neutrality is discussed, and a technical system for low-carbon and zero-carbon development of coal is constructed. It is shown that under the dual carbon goals, the coal mining industry will go through three stages:coal dominance, energy coupling, and new energy dominance. Combined with the characteristics of coal-related re-sources, and focusing on coal-heat, coal-gas, coal-water, and other associated resources in coal measures, the article reviews the development direction, status quo, and prospects of multiple CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, and storage) technologies for collaborative development of associated resources such as low carbon, zero carbon, and so on. There is an urgent need for CCUS technologies with coal mine characteristics, such as high-carbon material filling and mining in goaf areas, collaborative biomass energy development in mining areas, coalbed methane substitution mining and coal underground hydrogen production technology. Shendong mining area has realized coal water comining relying on underground reservoir, and the annual increase in carbon sequestration can reach 5085t. Based on the innovation of design and construction concept of underground reservoir in coal mine, a collaborative technology of CO₂ storage and geothermal water extraction in deep mine goaf is also proposed.

Coal-based cities are facing the challenge of low-carbon development while coal-fired power generation consumes large amounts of water, land, and energy. We use life cycle assessment and nexus theory to establish a model of coal life-cycle with water-land-energy nexus. Based on the model, we quantify the actual total energy, water, and land consumptions associated with the activities throughout the life cycle of coal-fired power generation of Huainan City in 2020. In terms of the life cycle stages, the power generation stage accounted for the highest consumptions of water, land, and energy, followed by the mining stage,while the processing stage had the lowest consumptions. The power generation stage consumed 60.9% of total water, 84.5% of total land, and 95.3% of total energy, respectively. In terms of the total consumption, the water, land and energy consumptions of the entire life cycle of coal-fired power generation were 9.38×10⁸ m³, 4.79×10⁵ hm², and 2.15×10⁷ tce, respectively. Direct consumptions accounted for 91.2% and 98.9% of water and energy, respectively, while indirect consumption accounted for 88.2% of land. Thus, the power generation stage and the direct consumption were the primary linkages in the entire life cycle of coalfired power generation. It is necessary to implement scientific and effective measures to especially reduce the direct water, land, and energy consumptions in the power generation stage. We intend to provide not only a new accounting method of resource consumption but also a reference of sustainable development for coal-based cities in China.

This paper measures the carbon emission intensity of grain production in each province based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2001 to 2020, characterizes the technological progress in grain production by the total factor productivity of grain production measured by the DEA-Malmquist model, and analyzes the impact of technological progress in grain production on the carbon emission intensity of grain production and its functioning mechanism by using the two-way fixed effect model. The results show the followings. China's grain production carbon emission intensity showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the technological progress of grain production showed an increasing trend; the technological progress of grain production was conducive to reducing the carbon emission intensity of grain production, and the technological progress of grain production reduced the carbon emission intensity of grain production by 0.38 t per unit; there wais obvious heterogeneity in the effect of technological progress of grain production on the carbon emission intensity of grain production, and the reduction effect was more significant in the eastern and central regions. Its reduction effect was more obvious in the east and central regions and the main grain producing areas; the mechanism of grain production technology progress to reduce the carbon emission intensity of grain production was to improve the efficiency of chemical fertilizer and pesticide application. For this reason, we should actively bring into play the carbon emission reduction function of technological progress in grain production, promote technological progress in grain production in accordance with local conditions, and focus on promotion of weight-loss and pesticide reduction techniques, so as to continuously improve the efficiency of fertilizer and pesticide application.

The change of grain planting area has become a basic problem in Chinese grain production and has an important influence on Chinese grain supply. Many scholars have conducted empirical studies on the influencing factors of planting area of main grains. In order to comprehensively analyze the existing research results and explore the root cause of the change of planting area of main grains, this paper uses meta-analysis method to study the influencing factors of planting area change of main grains. The results show that factors such as farmer's education level, agricultural labor force, mechanization level, grain subsidy policy and grain purchase and storage policy have a significant and stable promoting effect on the planting area of main grains while factors such as farmer's age and urban-rural income gap a significant inhibiting effect. In addition, the effects of some influencing factors on the planting area of main grains will change with the passage of time, and the different characteristics of literature researches may also lead to differences in the final empirical results. Therefore, government departments should currently pay attention to the influence of afforementioned variables when expanding planting area of main grains so as to improve the scientific and accurate decision-making. Meanwhile, the follow-up relevant studies in this field should also further improve existing research methods and design.

Supply of carbon sequestration of vegetation is estimated using the CASA model calculating NPP (net primary productivity). The organic carbon content of the upper soil is used as the annual supply of soil carbon sequestration services. The spatial distribution of carbon sequestration demand is measured from the perspective of carbon emissions. The supply-demand balance of carbon sequestration in the ecological barrier area of Inner Mongolia is analyzed. Based on this, the spatial pattern and flow rate of carbon sequestration are analyzed using ArcGIS by calculating the difference between carbon sinks (supply of carbon sequestration services) and carbon sources (demand for carbon sequestration services) to reveal the effectiveness of carbon sequestration services. The results show that carbon sequestration services in the study area are generally in excess of demand but exhibit significant spatial differences. Provincial capital cities and surrounding prefecture-level cities generally show a B_x＜0 pattern, indicating demand-driven regions and potential beneficiary areas of carbon sequestration in Inner Mongolia. The degree of demand is particularly evident in provincial capital cities. The actual benefit areas of carbon sequestration services in Inner Mongolia include the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, Shanxi Province, Liaoning Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yulin City in Shaanxi Province, Zhangye City, Jinchang City, Wuwei City, and Baiyin City in Gansu Province. As an ecological barrier area, Inner Mongolia's carbon sequestration services have a significant carbon sink effect on the surrounding regions.

This paper analyzes the current situation and accounting method of carbon reserves of the forest and grass ecosystem in China, and uses carbon fixation rate method to calculate the carbon sequestration capacity and gray prediction model of the forest and grass ecosystem. The results show that the annual carbon sequestration and total area of forest and grass ecosystem in China are increasing year by year, and the reasonable increase of forest and grassland area is conducive to increasing the carbon sequestration of forest and grass resources. It is expected that the carbon sequestration of China's forest and grass ecosystem will increase to 854.9 million tons by 2030 and the total area will increase to 646.7 million hectares. Then combined with China carbon sink market development status and the bottleneck, recommendations are presented in terms of reasonable planning forest area, carbon sink support system, construction of carbon sink market, and carbon sink law construction, in order to provide reference for China carbon sink accounting and carbon sink trading market development.

The developed countries' agenda of carbon barrier policies has significantly accelerated in recent years, with essence to gain the dominance of addressing global climate change and the right to formulate international trade rules, so as to affect the global industrial structure and division of labor. The latest progresses of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), the Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP), EU Battery Law and US Clean Competition Act (CCA) are reviewed in this paper. International carbon barriers will bring Chian a series of negative impacts including hindering the development of the export trade system, increasing the export costs, and increasing the risk of industrial intelligence exposure. The main problems include lack of coping mechanism, insufficient institutional policy and technical standards, weak awareness of barriers, and poor synergy from various supports. In view of these, we put forward countermeasures and governance suggestions:building comprehensive policies scheme for tackling carbon barriers, promoting multilateral climate consultation mechanisms, improving the carbon accounting certification standard system, improving Chinese carbon emission trading market mechanism, reshaping the green and low-carbon industrial supply chain, and strengthening financial and technical service supports.