China's pharmaceutical industry has made remarkable progress in development, yet it also faces significant challenges in technological innovation and industrial upgrading. This paper provides a systematic overview of the technological architecture underlying synthetic biomanufacturing, highlighting its core advantages grounded in the use of renewable feedstocks, environmentally benign processes, and superior atom economy. On this basis, the paper offers an in−depth discussion of the innovative applications and recent advancements of synthetic biomanufacturing in the synthesis of chemical active pharmaceutical ingredients, bioactive constituents of modernized traditional Chinese medicine, and macromolecular therapeutics including proteins and antibodies. Despite its promising outlook, the field still faces key constraints such as suboptimal technology translation efficiency, barriers to interdisciplinary integration, and limited end−to−end process consolidation across the value chain. To overcome these limitations, it is imperative to strengthen AI−enabled enzyme engineering and metabolic pathway optimization, while promoting deeper convergence with materials science, chemical engineering, and related disciplines to establish next−generation biomanufacturing platforms. In conclusion, synthetic biomanufacturing represents both a strategic driver and an indispensable pathway for advancing China's pharmaceutical industry toward greater precision, efficiency, and intelligence, thereby reinforcing its global competitiveness.

The biopharmaceuticals have diverse types, complex sources, low contents, and variable structures. Separation and purification are the core of biopharmaceutical manufacturing. This article first elaborates on the main methods in the purification of biopharmaceuticals and the challenges currently faced. Secondly, it analyzes the limited types of marketed chromatography media and equipment, as well as the low domestication level, which makes it difficult to meet the requirements for efficient biopharmaceuticals manufacturing. It then introduces the key progress made in the development of new−generation chromatography media and efficient separation equipment, including media with uniform−sized media, superporous media, high−capacity media, media with controllable surface properties, mixed−mode media, affinity media, and porous membrane media, as well as continuous flow chromatography, anti−pollution membrane components, reaction and separation coupled systems, and separation and detection coupled systems. It also covers the establishment of relevant quality standards. Finally, it proposes suggestions for the future development of advanced chromatography media and integrated equipment, namely expanding the separation mechanisms, forming an innovative material and equipment cluster, strengthening the multiple synergies between efficient chromatography media and equipment and major and frontier biopharmaceuticals, overcoming core technical difficulties and obstacles in the industrial chain development, highlighting the key points of domestication, greenness, and intelligence in industrialization development.

Amidst the deep integration of technological revolution and industrial transformation, food biomanufacturing, powered by synthetic biology, is reconstructing the production paradigms of the food industry through cutting−edge approaches such as precision gene editing, AI−assisted enzyme engineering, and intelligent fermentation. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the bio−manufacturing of fundamental ingredients such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, as well as food additives including colorants, sweeteners, and acidulants. It highlights the potential of microbial proteins, artificial starch, and functional lipids in enhancing production efficiency and reducing environmental impacts. However, several technical bottlenecks remain, including challenges in texture and flavor modulation of proteins, high costs in scale−up production, and the lack of comprehensive safety evaluation systems. To address these challenges, we propose strengthening AI−driven strain design, developing efficient carbon−fixing chassis cells, and establishing standardized nutrition and safety assessment frameworks to accelerate industrial translation. In conclusion, food bio−manufacturing holds promise for restructuring the global food supply chain and paves the way toward a green, efficient, and sustainable food system.

Renewable energy−driven biological conversion of carbon dioxide (CO₂) represents an emerging carbon−neutral technology integrating clean energy with biotechnology. By harnessing energy from renewable sources such as solar power and green electricity, this approach drives microbial or enzyme−catalyzed systems to convert CO₂ into high−value chemicals, fuels, materials etc., which demonstrates significant potential. This paper reviews CO₂ bioconversion pathways driven by clean energy sources including solar energy, green electricity (photovoltaic, wind, etc.), and geothermal/biomass energy. It summarizes progress and key case studies on achieving CO₂ bioconversion through various critical technological approaches: nature−artificial hybrid systems, photoelectrochemical microbial coupling, microbial electrochemistry, and enzyme−electrocatalysis. Research indicates that despite continuous breakthroughs in enhancing carbon fixation efficiency and expanding product diversity, core challenges persist, including low energy transfer efficiency, limitations of natural carbon fixation pathways, complex metabolic network regulation, and low product yields. Consequently, this paper recommends that future research focus on designing efficient bio−abiotic interfaces, developing dynamic metabolic regulation strategies, and innovating low−energy, high−economic−value integrated technological processes. The review demonstrates that optimizing carbon fixation pathways and carbon flow direction to establish a sustainable "renewable energy−carbon conversion−high−value products" industrial chain enables the transformation of CO₂ into high−value chemicals. This approach synergistically advances carbon reduction, pollution mitigation, green growth, and carbon neutrality development.

To achieve the "Dual Carbon" goals, industrial biomanufacturing must transits toward green sustainability. Bottlenecks such as high−water consumption, sterilization energy demands, and discontinuous processes have driven the development of next generation biomanufacturing centered on extremophiles (e.g., Halomonas spp.). Their non−sterile open fermentation significantly reduces energy consumption and operational costs. This review highlights Halomonas bluephagenesis as a chassis strain: Through synthetic biology approaches—including the development of specific genetic regulatory tools, optimization of gene editing, accelerated evolution methods, metabolic pathway and cell morphology engineering, Halomonas bluephagenesis has been successfully constructed into an efficient platform. It can utilize diverse and low−cost waste carbon sources (e.g., starch, cellulose, acetate, food wastes) to synthesize biodegradable bioplastics (PHA), high−value small molecules, amino acids, and proteins. Future efforts should focus on developing more versatile synthetic biology toolkits, enhancing the robustness of large−scale fermentation processes, and improving the integration between carbon source pretreatment and process engineering. In conclusion, next generation Halomonas−based biomanufacturing, leveraging the combined advantages of extreme contamination−resistant chassis+synthetic biology tools+process simplification, effectively overcomes inherent limitations of traditional methods. Its significant economic efficiency and environmental compatibility provide crucial support for building a green, sustainable biomanufacturing system and realizing the dual carbon goals.